Ainsworth And Bell- Attachments

Question 1

What does the behavioural approach suggest about attachments?

Answer 1

We learn attachments through classic conditioning (associations)

Question 2

What is monotropy?

Answer 2

When a child initially forms only one primary attachment, who then becomes a secure base for exploring the world

Question 3

What is the critical period?

Answer 3

Between the age 0-5 years, if an attachment hadn’t developed during this period, then the child would suffer from irreversible developmental consequences

Question 4

What are the 3 attachment types?

Answer 4

Securely attached, insecure avoidant and insecure resistant

Question 5

Securely attached values

Answer 5

The child feels confident that the attachment figure would be available to meet their needs and therefore seen as a safe base

Question 6

Securely attached reason

Answer 6

It develops when the caregiver is sensitive to their needs and respond appropriately

Question 7

Insecure avoidant values

Answer 7

Children do not orientate their attachment figure whilst investigating the environment

Question 8

Insure avoidant reason

Answer 8

Caregiver is usually insensitive to their needs

Question 9

Insecure resistant values

Answer 9

Commonly exhibit clingy and dependent behaviour, but will be rejecting of the attachment figure when they engage in interactions

Question 10

Insecure resistant reason

Answer 10

When baby knows it needs the caregiver but wants to be independent

Question 11

Insecure disorganised values

Answer 11

Children will show bizarre behaviour such as freezing or running away from parents

Question 12

Insecure disorganised reason

Answer 12

When the caregiver is frightening, rejecting or unpredictable - the infant is caught in a dilemma of ‘fear without solution’

Question 13

Aim

Answer 13

To investigate whether the interaction between infant attachment behaviour, response to unfamiliar situations and separation from and reunion with the material attachments

Question 14

Research method and design

Answer 14

Controlled observation, infant interaction with its mother was recorded

Question 15

Sample qualities

Answer 15

56 parent participants - white, middle class
Infants who has been observed longitudinally from birth - 23 observed at age of 51 weeks and 33 observed at age of 49 weeks

Question 16

Sampling method

Answer 16

Opportunity sample

Question 17

How many episodes did the Strange situation procedure contain?

Answer 17

8

Question 18

Episode 1

Answer 18

Introduction - the mother and baby were taken to the testing room and left them to get used to the surroundings

Question 19

Episode 2

Answer 19

3 minutes later, a stranger enters and talks with mum

Question 20

Episode 3

Answer 20

The stranger attempts to interact with the child

Question 21

Episode 4

Answer 21

Mum leaves the room and the stranger stays with the child and tries to comfort them if they are upset

Question 22

Episode 5

Answer 22

After 3 minutes, the mum returns and stranger leaves

Question 23

Episode 6

Answer 23

The mum departs, leaving the baby alone for a short time

Question 24

Episode 7

Answer 24

The stranger returns and offers comfort and plays with the baby

Question 25

Episode 8

Answer 25

Mum returns and stranger leaves

Question 26

When did amount of exploratory behaviour decrease?

Answer 26

When the stranger entered in episode 3 and remained so in episode 4

Question 27

How did crying differ?

Answer 27

No significant difference increase in episode 3 but increased in episode 4 and dropped at 5

Question 28

When did search behaviour increase?

Answer 28

Episode 6

Question 29

When did the contact maintaining behaviour increase?

Answer 29

Episode 5 and 8

Question 30

Conclusion 1

Answer 30

The presence of attachment figure can favour explorative behaviour

Question 31

Conclusion 2

Answer 31

Absence of the mother tends to heighten attachment behaviour (crying) and lessens exploration of unfamiliar situations

Question 32

Conclusion 3

Answer 32

In threatening situations, attachment behaviour increases

Question 33

Conclusion 4

Answer 33

There are individual differences between the quality of attachment

Question 34

Conclusion 5

Answer 34

70% were secure
15% were insecure avoidant
15% were insecure resistant