Aim D

Question 1

Functions of Skeletal System

Answer 1

1. Support
2. Protection
3. Attachment for skeletal muscles
4. Blood cell production
5. Storage of minerals (calcium&phosphorus)
6. Leverage

Question 2

Long Bones

Answer 2

• longer than they are wide
• act as levers to create powerful movements
• produce red blood cells

Question 3

Examples of Long Bones

Answer 3

Humerous
Tibia
Fibula

Question 4

Short Bones

Answer 4

• As long as they are wide
• used for weight bearing
• absorb shock

Question 5

Examples of Short bones

Answer 5

Tarsals
Carpals

Question 6

Flat bones

Answer 6

• wide and flat, normally thin
• protects vital organs
• attach muscles
• produce blood

Question 7

Examples of flat bones

Answer 7

Sternum
Ribs
Pelvis

Question 8

Irregular Bones

Answer 8

• irregular shape
• many functions (protection, attach muscles, support, movement)

Question 9

Examples of irregular bones

Answer 9

Lumbar
Thoracic
Cervical

Question 10

Sesamoid bones

Answer 10

• Held within a tendon
• reduce friction between the joint

Question 11

Example of sesamoid bones

Answer 11

Patella

Question 12

Axial skeleton

Answer 12

• long axis (80)
• provides a core for limbs to hang from

Question 13

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 13

• bones attached to the axial (126)

Question 14

Examples of axial skeleton

Answer 14

• skull (cranium & facial bones)
• thoracic cage (sternum & ribs)
• vertebral column

Question 15

Vertebral Column

Answer 15

• known as spine
• extends from cranium to pelvis
• made of 33 irregular bones
• protects spinal chord and rib cage
• supports body weight
• held together by ligaments

Question 16

Role of ligaments in vertebral column

Answer 16

Allow little movements between each vertebrae but lots of flexibility along the whole spine

Question 17

Role of intervertebral discs

Answer 17

Reduce shock of sporting impacts

Question 18

1. Cervical vertebrae

Answer 18

Pivot joint for neck (7)

Question 19

2. Thoracic Vertebrae

Answer 19

Protects heart and lungs (12)

Question 20

3. Lumbar Vertebrae

Answer 20

Support weight, concave

Question 21

4. Sacral vertebrae

Answer 21

Fused to form sacrum

Question 22

5. Coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 22

Fused to form coccyx

Question 23

Kyphosis

Answer 23

Hunchback

Question 24

Scoliosis

Answer 24

Curve left and right

Question 25

Appendicular skeleton Structure

Answer 25

• upper limbs (60)
• lower limbs (60)
• shoulder girdle (4)
• pelvic girdle (3)

Question 26

Flexion

Answer 26

Decreasing angle at joint

Question 27

Extension

Answer 27

Increasing angle at a joint

Question 28

Abduction

Answer 28

Movement away from the midline of the body

Question 29

Adduction

Answer 29

Movement towards the midline of the body

Question 30

Circumduction

Answer 30

Limbs move in a circle

Question 31

Define a Joint

Answer 31

Two or more bones meet (articulation)

Question 32

Fibrous joints

Answer 32

They are fixed, do not move

Question 33

Example of fibrous joint

Answer 33

Cranium, sacrum

Question 34

Synovial joints

Answer 34

Highest level of mobility, vital for supporting movements, they make up most of the joints in the body

Question 35

Examples of Synovial joints

Answer 35

Hip, shoulder, knee

Question 36

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 36

Slight movement
Ends are covered with cartilage to reduce friction
Bones are separated by fibrocartilage which absorbs heavy loads

Question 37

Example of cartilaginous

Answer 37

Lumbar Vertebrae