AIGP Qs Flashcards
A mid-size US healthcare network has decided to develop an Al solution to detect a type of cancer that is most likely arise in adults. Specifically, the healthcare network intends to create a recognition algorithm that will perform an initial review of all imaging and then route records a radiologist for secondary review pursuant Agreed-upon criteria (e.g., a confidence score below a threshold).
To date, the healthcare network has taken the following steps: defined its Al ethical principles: conducted discovery to identify the intended uses and success criteria for the system: established an Al governance committee; assembled a broad, crossfunctional team with clear roles and responsibilities; and created policies and procedures to document standards, workflows, timelines and risk thresholds during the project.
The healthcare network intends to retain a cloud provider to host the solution and a consulting firm to help develop the algorithm using the healthcare network’s existing data and de-identified data that is licensed from a large US clinical research partner.
The most significant risk from combining the healthcare network’s existing data with the clinical research partner data is?
A Privacy risk.
B Security risk.
C Operational risk.
D Reputational risk.
Correct Answer: A
A company initially intended to use a large data set containing personal information to train an Al model. After consideration, the company determined that it can derive enough value from the data set without any personal information and permanently obfuscated all personal data elements before training the model.
This is an example of applying which privacy-enhancing technique (PET)?
A Anonymization.
B Pseudonymization.
C Differential privacy.
D Federated learning.
Correct Answer: A
What is the primary purpose of conducting ethical red-teaming on an Al system?
A To improve the model’s accuracy.
B To simulate model risk scenarios.
C To identify security vulnerabilities.
D To ensure compliance with applicable law.
Correct Answer: B
Training data is best defined as a subset of data that is used to?
A Enable a model to detect and learn patterns.
B Fine-tune a model to improve accuracy and prevent overfitting.
C Detect the initial sources of biases to mitigate prior to deployment.
D Resemble the structure and statistical properties of production data.
Correct Answer: A
To maintain fairness in a deployed system, it is most important to?
A Protect against loss of personal data in the model.
B Monitor for data drift that may affect performance and accuracy.
C Detect anomalies outside established metrics that require new training data.
D Optimize computational resources and data to ensure efficiency and scalability.
Correct Answer: B
Machine learning is best described as a type of algorithm by which?
A Systems can mimic human intelligence with the goal of replacing humans.
B Systems can automatically improve from experience through predictive patterns.
C Statistical inferences are drawn from a sample with the goal of predicting human intelligence.
D Previously unknown properties are discovered in data and used to predict and make improvements in the data
Correct Answer: B
You asked a generative Al tool to recommend new restaurants to explore in Boston, Massachusetts that have a specialty Italian dish made in a traditional fashion without spinach and wine. The generative Al tool recommended five restaurants for you to visit. After looking up the restaurants, you discovered one restaurant did not exist and two others did not have the dish. This information provided by the generative Al tool is an example of what is commonly called?
A Prompt injection
B Model collapse
C Hallucination
D Overfitting
Correct answer: C
Each of the following actors are typically engaged in the Al development life cycle EXCEPT?
A Data architects
B Government regulators
C Socio-cultural and technical experts
D Legal and privacy governance experts
Correct answer: B
A company is working to develop a self-driving car that can independently decide the appropriate route to take the driver after the driver provides an address. If they want to make this self-driving car “strong” Al, as opposed to “weak,” the engineers would also need to ensure?
A That the Al has full human cognitive abilities that can independently decide where to take the driver.
B That they have obtained appropriate intellectual property (IP) licenses to use data for training the Al.
C That the Al has strong cybersecurity to prevent malicious actors from taking control of the car.
D That the Al can differentiate among ethnic backgrounds of pedestrians.
Correct answer: A
Which of the following is NOT a common type of machine learning?
A Deep learning
B Cognitive learning
C Unsupervised learning
D Reinforcement learning
Correct answer: B
Machine learning is best described as a type of algorithm by which?
A Systems can mimic human intelligence with the goal of replacing humans.
B Systems can automatically improve from experience through predictive patterns.
C Statistical inferences are drawn from a sample with the goal of predicting human intelligence.
D Previously unknown properties are discovered in data and used to predict and make improvements in the data.
Correct answer: B
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
ABC Corp, is a leading insurance provider offering a range of coverage options to individuals. ABC has decided to utilize artificial intelligence to streamline and improve its customer acquisition and underwriting process, including the accuracy and efficiency of pricing policies. ABC has engaged a cloud provider to utilize and fine-tune its pre-trained, general purpose large language model (“LLM”). In particular, ABC intends to use its historical customer data–including applications, policies, and claims–and proprietary pricing and risk strategies to provide an initial qualification assessment of potential customers, which would then be routed to a human underwriter for final review.
ABC and the cloud provider have completed training and testing the LLM, performed a readiness assessment, and made the decision to deploy the LLM into production. ABC has designated an internal compliance team to monitor the model during the first month, specifically to evaluate the accuracy, fairness, and reliability of its output. After the first month in production, ABC realizes that the LLM declines a higher percentage of women’s loan applications due primarily to women historically receiving lower salaries than men.
The best approach to enable a customer who wants information on the Al model’s parameters for underwriting purposes is to provide?
A A transparency notice
B An opt-out mechanism
C Detailed terms of service
D Customer service support
Correct answer: A
Which of the following is the most important reason to train the underwriters on the model prior to deployment?
A To provide a reminder of a right appeal.
B To solicit on-going feedback on model performance.
C To apply their own judgment to the initial assessment.
D To ensure they provide transparency applicants on the model.
Correct answer: C
During the first month when ABC monitors the model for bias, it is most important to?
A Continue disparity testing.
B Analyze the quality of the training and testing data.
C Compare the results to human decisions prior to deployment.
D Seek approval from management for any changes to the model.
Correct answer: A
Each of the following steps would support fairness testing by the compliance team during the first month in production EXCEPT?
A Validating a similar level of decision-making across different demographic groups.
B Providing the loan applicants with information about the model capabilities and limitations.
C Identifying if additional training data should be collected for specific demographic groups.
D Using tools to help understand factors that may account for differences in decision-making.
Correct answer: B
What is the best strategy to mitigate the bias uncovered in the loan applications?
A Retrain the model with data that reflects demographic parity.
B Procure a third-party statistical bias assessment tool.
C Document all instances of bias in the data set.
D Delete all gender-based data in the data set.
Correct answer: A
All of the following are common optimization techniques in deep learning to determine weights that represent the strength of the connection between artificial neurons EXCEPT?
A Gradient descent, which initially sets weights arbitrary values, and then at each step changes them.
B Momentum, which improves the convergence speed and stability of neural network training.
C Autoregression, which analyzes and makes predictions about time-series data.
D Backpropagation, which starts from the last layer working backwards.
Correct answer: C
What is the key feature of Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) that makes them well-suited to running Al applications?
A GPUs run many tasks concurrently, resulting in faster processing.
B GPUs can access memory quickly, resulting in lower latency than CPUs.
C GPUs can run every task on a computer, making them more robust than CPUs.
D The number of transistors on GPUs doubles every two years, making the chips smaller and lighter.
Correct answer: A
Which of the following best defines an “Al model”?
A A system that applies defined rules to execute tasks.
B A system of controls that is used to govern an Al algorithm.
C A corpus of data which an Al algorithm analyzes to make predictions.
D A program that has been trained on a set of data to find patterns within the data.
Correct answer: D
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
Good Values Corporation (GVC) is a U.S. educational services provider that employs teachers to create and deliver enrichment courses for high school students. GVC has learned that many of its teacher employees are using generative Al to create the enrichment courses, and that many of the students are using generative Al to complete their assignments. In particular, GVC has learned that the teachers they employ used open source large language models (“LLM”) to develop an online tool that customizes study questions for individual students. GVC has also discovered that an art teacher has expressly incorporated the use of generative Al into the curriculum to enable students to use prompts to create digital art. GVC has started to investigate these practices and develop a process to monitor any use of generative Al, including by teachers and students, going forward.
Which of the following risks should be of the highest concern to individual teachers using generative Al to ensure students learn the course material?
A Financial cost
B Model accuracy
C Technical complexity
D Copyright infringement
Correct answer: B
What is the best reason for GVC to offer students the choice to utilize generative Al in limited, defined circumstances?
A To enable students to learn how to manage their time.
B To enable students to learn about performing research.
C To enable students to learn about practical applications of Al.
D To enable students to learn how to use Al as a supportive educational tool.
Correct answer: D
All of the following may be copyright risks from teachers using generative Al to create course content EXCEPT?
A Content created by an LLM may be protectable under U.S. intellectual property law.
B Generative Al is generally trained using intellectual property owned by third parties.
C Students must expressly consent to this use of generative Al.
D Generative Al often creates content without attribution.
Correct answer: C
Random forest algorithms are in what type of machine learning model?
A Symbolic
B Generative
C Discriminative
D Natural language processing
Correct answer: C
What is the 1956 Dartmouth summer research project on Al best known as?
A A meeting focused on the impacts of the launch of the first mass-produced computer.
B A research project on the impacts of technology on society.
C A research project to create a test for machine intelligence.
D A meeting focused on the founding of the Al field.
Correct answer: D
Which of the following is a subcategory of Al and machine learning that uses labeled datasets to train algorithms?
A Segmentation
B Generative Al
C Expert systems
D Supervised learning
Correct answer: D
A company developed Al technology that can analyze text, video, images and sound to tag content, including the names of animals, humans and objects.
What type of Al is this technology classified as?
A Deductive inference
B Multi-modal model
C Transformative Al
D Expert system
Correct answer: B
What is the primary purpose of an Al impact assessment?
A To define and evaluate the legal risks associated with developing an Al system.
B Anticipate and manage the potential risks and harms of an Al system.
C To define and document the roles and responsibilities of Al stakeholders.
D To identify and measure the benefits of an Al system.
Correct answer: B
What type of organizational risk is associated with Al’s resource-intensive computing demands?
A People risk
B Security risk
C Third-party risk
D Environmental risk
Correct answer: D
Which of the following most encourages accountability over Al systems?
A Determining the business objective and success criteria for the Al project.
B Performing due diligence on third-party Al training and testing data.
C Defining the roles and responsibilities of Al stakeholders.
D Understanding Al legal and regulatory requirements.
Correct answer: C
An Al system that maintains its level of performance within defined acceptable limits despite real world or adversarial conditions would be described as?
A Robust
B Reliable
C Resilient
D Reinforced
Correct answer: C
If it is possible to provide a rationale for a specific output of an Al system, that system can best be described as?
A Accountable
B Transparent
C Explainable
D Reliable
Correct answer: C
The OECD’s Ethical Al Governance Framework is a self-regulation model that proposes to prevent societal harms by?
A Establishing explain ability criteria to responsibly source and use data to train Al systems.
B Defining requirements specific to each industry sector and high-risk Al domain.
C Focusing on Al technical design and post-deployment monitoring.
D Balancing Al innovation with ethical considerations.
Correct answer: D
The framework set forth in the White House Blueprint for an Al Bill of Rights addresses all of the following EXCEPT?
A Human alternatives, consideration and fallback
B High-risk mitigation standards
C Safe and effective systems
D Data privacy
Correct answer: B
A U.S. mortgage company developed an Al platform that was trained using anonymized details from mortgage applications, including the applicant’s education, employment and demographic information, as well as from subsequent payment or default information. The Al platform will be used automatically grant or deny new mortgage applications, depending on whether the platform views an applicant as presenting a likely risk of default.
Which of the following laws is NOT relevant to this use case?
A Fair Housing Act
B Fair Credit Reporting Act
C Equal Credit Opportunity Act
D Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Correct answer: D
An EU bank intends to launch a multi-modal Al platform for customer engagement and automated decision-making assist with the opening of bank accounts. The platform has been subject to thorough risk assessments and testing, where it proves to be effective in not discriminating against any individual on the basis of a protected class.
What additional obligations must the bank fulfill prior to deployment?
A The bank must obtain explicit consent from users under the privacy Directive.
B The bank must disclose how the Al system works under the Ell Digital Services Act.
C The bank must subject the Al system an adequacy decision and publish its appropriate safeguards.
D The bank must disclose the use of the Al system and implement suitable measures for users to contest automated decision-making.
Correct answer: D
According to the GDPR, what is an effective control to prevent a determination based solely on automated decision-making?
A Provide a just-in-time notice about the automated decision-making logic.
B Define suitable measures to safeguard personal data.
C Provide a right to review automated decision.
D Establish a human-in-the-loop procedure.
Correct answer: D
According to the GDPR, an individual has the right to have a human confirm or replace an automated decision unless that automated decision?
A Is authorized with the data subject’s explicit consent.
B Is authorized by applicable Ell law and includes suitable safeguards.
C Is deemed to solely benefit the individual and includes documented legitimate interests.
D Is necessary for entering into or performing under a contract between the data subject and data controller.
Correct answer: A
According to the GDPR’s transparency principle, when an Al system processes personal data in automated decision-making, controllers are required to provide data subjects specific information on?
A The existence of automated decision-making and meaningful information on its logic and consequences.
B The personal data used during processing, including inferences drawn by the Al system about the data.
C The data protection impact assessments carried out on the Al system and legal bases for processing.
D The contact details of the data protection officer and the data protection national authority.
Correct answer: A
What is the primary reason the EU is considering updates to its Product Liability Directive?
A To increase the minimum warranty level for defective goods.
B To define new liability exemptions for defective products.
C Address digital services and connected products.
D Address free and open-source software.
Correct answer: C
CASE STUDY
Please use the following answer the next question:
XYZ Corp., a premier payroll services company that employs thousands of people globally, is embarking on a new hiring campaign and wants to implement policies and procedures to identify and retain the best talent. The new talent will help the company’s product team expand its payroll offerings to companies in the healthcare and transportation sectors, including in Asia.
It has become time consuming and expensive for HR to review all resumes, and they are concerned that human reviewers might be susceptible to bias.
Address these concerns, the company is considering using a third-party Al tool to screen resumes and assist with hiring. They have been talking to several vendors about possibly obtaining a third-party Al-enabled hiring solution, as long as it would achieve its goals and comply with all applicable laws.
The organization has a large procurement team that is responsible for the contracting of technology solutions. One of the procurement team’s goals is to reduce costs, and it often prefers lower-cost solutions. Others within the company are responsible for integrating and deploying technology solutions into the organization’s operations in a responsible, cost-effective manner.
The organization is aware of the risks presented by Al hiring tools and wants to mitigate them. It also questions how best to organize and train its existing personnel to use the Al hiring tool responsibly. Their concerns are heightened by the fact that relevant laws vary across jurisdictions and continue to change.
Which other stakeholder groups should be involved in the selection and implementation of the Al hiring tool?
A Finance and Legal
B Marketing and Compliance
C Supply Chain and Marketing
D Litigation and Product Development
Correct answer: A
