AICE Psychology 1-30

Question 1

Data in number form. An amount, measurement, time, or score. Also known as quantitative data.

Answer 1

Numerical data

Question 2

This is data that can only take certain values, for example, that number of children in a class, goals scored in a match, or red cars passing a point.

Answer 2

Discrete data

Question 3

This is data that could take any value between two given values.

Answer 3

Continuous data

Question 4

Data

Answer 4

Primary data

Question 5

Investigation looking for a causal relationship in which an IV is manipulated and is expected to be responsible for changes in the DV.

Answer 5

Experiment

Question 6

Factor under investigation in an experiment which is manipulated to create two or more conditions or levels and is expected to be responsible for changes in the DV.

Answer 6

Independent Variable

Question 7

Factor in an experiment which is measured and is expected to change under the influence of the IV.

Answer 7

Dependent Variable

Question 8

Either acts randomly, affecting the DV in all levels of the IV or systematically, i.e. on one level of the IV (called a confounding variable) so can obscure the effect of the IV, making the results difficult to interpret.

Answer 8

Extraneous Variable

Question 9

One or more of the situations in an experiment which represent different levels of the IV and are compared (or compared to a control condition).

Answer 9

Experimental condition

Question 10

Level of the IV in an experiment from which the IV is absent. It is compared to one or more experimental conditions.

Answer 10

Control Condition

Question 11

RM~There is an IV, a D, and strict controls. It looks for a causal relationship and is conducted in a setting that is not in the usual environment for the participants with regard to the behavior they are performing.

Answer 11

Laboratory experiment

Question 12

The way in which participants are allocated to levels of the IV.

Answer 12

Experimental design

Question 13

Experimental design in which a different group of participants is used for each level of the IV (condition).

Answer 13

Independent measures design

Question 14

Features of the experimental situation which give away the aims. They can cause participants to try to change
their behavior, e.g., to match their beliefs about what is supposed to happen, which reduces the validity of the study.

Answer 14

Demand Characteristics

Question 15

Way to reduce the effect of confounding variables such as individual differences. Participants are put in each level of the IV (ea. person has an equal chance of being in any condition).

Answer 15

Random allocation

Question 16

Experimental design in which each participant performs in every level of IV.

Answer 16

Repeated measures design

Question 17

Individual differences between participants (such as age, personality and intelligence) that could affect their behavior in a study. They could hide or exaggerate differences between levels of the IV.

Answer 17

Participant variables

Question 18

Practice and fatigue effects are consequences of participating in a study more than once like a (RMD). Cause changes in performance between conditions that are not due to the IV, so can obscure the effect on the DV.

Answer 18

Order effects

Question 19

Situation where participants’ performance improves because they experience the experimental task more than once, e.g., due to familiarity or learning the task.

Answer 19

Practice effect

Question 20

Situation where participants’ performance declines because they have experienced an experimental task more than once, e.g., due to boredom or tiredness.

Answer 20

Fatigue effect

Question 21

Used to overcome order effects in an RMD. Each possible order of levels of the IV is performed by a different sub-group of participants. Can be described as an ABBA design, as half the participants do condition A then B and half do B then A.

Answer 21

Counterbalancing

Question 22

Experimental design in which participants are arranged
into pairs. Each pair is similar in ways that are important to the study and one member of each pair performs in a different level of the IV.

Answer 22

Matched pairs design

Question 23

Keeping procedure for each participant in an experiment (or interview) exactly the same to ensure that any differences between participants or conditions are due to the variables under investigation rather than differences in the way they were treated.

Answer 23

Standardization

Question 24

Extent to which a procedure, task or measure is consistent (It would produce the same results with the same people on each occasion).

Answer 24

Reliability

Question 25

Extent to which the researcher is testing what they claim to be testing. (Accuracy)

Answer 25

Validity

Question 26

Investigation looking for a causal relationship in which an IV is manipulated and is expected to be responsible for changes in the DV. Conducted in the normal environment for the participants for the behavior being investigated.

Answer 26

Field experiment

Question 27

Apply the findings of a study more widely, e.g., to other settings and populations. They take the following forms: Population validity and ecological validity.

Answer 27

Generalizability

Question 28

Extent to which the findings of research in one situation would generalize to other situations. Influenced by whether the situation, such as a lab, represents the real world effectively and whether the task is relevant to real life (has mundane realism).

Answer 28

Ecological Validity

Question 29

Investigation looking for a causal relationship (IV cannot be directly manipulated by experimenter). Instead, they study the effect of an existing difference or change. Since the researcher cannot manipulate the levels of the IV, it is not a true experiment.

Answer 29

Natural experiment

Question 30

Confounding variable that may not have been identified and eliminated in an experiment, which can confuse the results. It may be a feature of the participants or situation

Answer 30

Uncontrolled variable