AiA

Question 1

Problems relating to acceptability

Answer 1

• Confirmation bias
• Ambiguity
• Plausibility
• Appropriate authorities

Question 2

Problems relating to relevance

Answer 2

• Ad hominem
• Inappropriate appeal to emotion
• Inappropriate appeals to authority
• Inappropriate analogy

Question 3

Problems relating to sufficiency

Answer 3

• Inductive strength
• Deductive validity
• Affirming the consequent
• post hoc ergo proctor hoc
• Slippery slope
• Denying the antecedent

Question 4

Ambiguity examples

Answer 4

ack’s really fair so he will be a great boss. I mean just look at how fair his hair is… (lexical)

The professor said on Monday he would give an exam. (Syntactical)

Question 5

What are appropriate authorities?

Answer 5

Appropriate authorities are:
experts in the field about which they are speaking
are not representing widely rejected minority views
people with transferable expertise
free from bias
have no interest in your believing their claim

Question 6

Inductive

Answer 6

Inductive reasoning attempts to draw probable conclusions from a set of premises: in an inductive argument, even if there is a lot of high quality supporting evidence, it is still possible for the conclusion to be false.

Question 7

Plausibility

Answer 7

For example a claim is plausible if it seems reasonable and is worthy of belief.

Question 8

intermediate conclusion

Answer 8

Found in complicated arguments where the conclusion of one ‘sub’ argument is then used as a premise in a further argument.

Question 9

Refutation

Answer 9

To deny an assertion with supporting evidence. Only arguments can refute claims.