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Allergy > AI > Flashcards

AI Flashcards

1
Q

what is the risk of atopic disease in a child with one parent with atopy

A

50%

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2
Q

what is the risk of atopic disease in a child with 2 parents with atopy

A

70%

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3
Q

define the asthma classification & treatment:

sx 2 or less day per wk
no nighttime sx
no interference with activity

A

intermittent

short acting bronchodilator prn

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4
Q

define the asthma classification & treatment:

sx more than 2 days per week but not daily
nighttime sx 1-2x/mo
minor limitation with normal activity
requiring SABA more than 2d/wk, not daily

A

mild persistent

low dose inhaled corticosteroid
2nd line tx- leukotriene inhibitor
plus SABA prn

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5
Q

define the asthma classification & treatment:

sx daily
nighttime sx 3-4x/mo
SABA daily
some limitation with normal activity

A

moderate persistent

low-medium inhaled corticosteroid + LABA or monteleukast

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6
Q

define the asthma classification & treatment:

sx throughout the day
nighttime sx more than 1x/wk
SABA several times/d
extreme limitation with normal activity

A

severe persistent

high dose inhaled corticosteroid + LABA or monteleukast

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7
Q

risk factors for asthma persisting into adulthood (4)

A

1- onset before age 3
2- IgE elevation
3- maternal h/o asthma
4- eosinophilia

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8
Q

what % of children w/ mild asthma will outgrow it

A

60%

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9
Q

what % of infants with severe RSV bronchiolitis will develop recurrent wheeze

A

50%

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10
Q

type 1 allergic rxn

A

IgE mediated

anaphylaxis

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11
Q

type 2 allergic rxn

A

Ab mediated

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12
Q

type 3 allergic rxn

A

immune complex mediated

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13
Q

type 4 allergic rxn

A

delayed hypersensitivity

poison ivy

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14
Q

medications that interfere with skin testing

A

antihistamines

also drugs with anti-histamine effects (think anti depressants)

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15
Q

fruits children with latex allergy should avoid (6)

A 
avocado
banana
chestnut
kiwi 
peach
tomato
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16
Q

what is the management of contrast media reactions

A

2/2 reaction from hyperosmolality –> degranulation of mast cells and basophils

pretreat with prednisone and diphenhydramine

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17
Q

nitroblue tetrazolium test

A

tests for neutrophil activity
normal turns blue
abnormal stays colorless

tests for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD)

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18
Q

CH50 test

A

tests the complement system
order this if they describe repeated serious bacterial infections
tests for complement deficiencies

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19
Q

Candida skin test

A

tests for cell mediated immunity associated with T cell defects such as in AIDS

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20
Q

TB skin test

A

tests for cell mediated immunity associated with T cell defects such as in AIDS

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21
Q

what is the best therapeutic approach for pt with digeorge

A

thymic transplantation

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22
Q

what is the dx

2 mo old p/wFTT, chronic diarrhea and recurrent opportunistic infections and thrush

also what lab?

A

SCID- absent of T and B cell fxn

CBC shows low WBC

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23
Q

what is the tx for SCID

A

BM transplant

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24
Q

what is the dx

eczema
thrombocytopenia
cellular immunodeficiency

A

wiskott aldrich

25
Q

what is the dx

male child with eczema, umltiple sinopulmonary infections, and bruising

A

wiskott aldrich

26
Q

what is the inheritance of ataxia telangiectasia

A

AR

27
Q

what is the inheritance of wiskott aldrich

A

x linked

28
Q

what are the CBC findings in wiskott aldrich

A

thrombocytopenia with small plt

29
Q

what is the dx

9 month old boy with reccurrent infection with S pneumo and H flu, noted to have small tonsils, adenoids, and spleen. Labs show decrease of all Igs

A

Brutonsx linked agammaglobulinemia

30
Q

what is the treatment for bruton XLA

A

IVIG

31
Q

what is the dx

9 month old boy with reccurrent sinopulmonary infections, OM, and diarrhea. On exam pt has lymphoid hypertrophy. Labs show decrease of all Igs except IgM which is high

A

x linked hyper IgM

32
Q

what is the dx

eczema
eosinohilia
and elevated IgE
with chronic thrush and skeletal abnormalities!

A

hyper IgE/Jobs

33
Q

what is the inheritance of CGD

A

xlinked and AR

34
Q

what is the dx

child with h/o delayed separation of umbilical cord now with multiple abscesses, although not filled with pus and CBC notable for elevated WBC

A

LAD

defective chemotaxis

35
Q

what is the dx

CBC that shows WBC with lysosomal granules

A

chediak higashi

36
Q

what is the inheritance of chediak higashi

A

AR

37
Q

what is the dx

fair child with blonde hair, blue eyes and frequent skin infections

A

chediak higashi

38
Q

what is the inheritance of complement deficiencies

A

AR

39
Q

on which chromosome is the immune system (HLA) encoded on

A

chromosome 6

40
Q

CD8 cells recognize antigens presented with ___ antigen

A

class I HLA

41
Q

CD4 cells recognize antigens presented with ___ antigen

A

class II HLA

42
Q

what is the best Ab for complement activation

A

IgM- think of this because it reacts first

43
Q

which Ig is secreted in BM

A

IgA

44
Q

early complement deficiencies in the classical pathway result in

A

increase in sinopulmonary infection, pyogenic infections

45
Q

C2 complement deficiency results in

A

increase risk SLE

46
Q

late complement deficiencies result in

A

increased risk for recurrent N meningitis

47
Q

what are the catalase positive organisms that results from a phagocytic d/o like CGD (6)

A 
staph 
serratia
aspergillus
chromobacterium
burkholderia
nocardia
48
Q

what immuno deficiency results in no mature B cells and no Ab present

A

brutons XL agammaglobulinemia

49
Q

what infections are those with B cell deficiency prone to

A

bacteria- encapsulated- strep, H flu, staph
virus- entero
protozoa- giardia

recurrent sinopulmonary infections

50
Q

what infections are those with T cell deficiency prone to

A

intracellular organisms
opportunistic infections
bacteria- salmonella, syphilis
mycobacterium
virus- CMV, HSV, VZV, EBV
fungi- candida, aspergillus, cryptococcus
protozoa- PCP, toxo, isosporiasis, microsporidiosis

51
Q

flow cytometry findings in XL agammaglobulinemia

A

no mature B cells (CD19)

52
Q

what is the defect in XL hyperIgM syndrome

A

CD40L defect

  • important in T-to-B cell signaling
  • important in T-to-macrophage signaling
53
Q

what are the 2 types of SCID

A

x linked SCID (still have some B cells)

ADA- adenosine deaminase deficiency- AR, no T B or NK cells

54
Q

what are the signs of ataxia telangienctasia

A

combined deficiency of cellular and humoral immunity
first ataxia –> telangiectasia –> immunodeficiency
AR
high risk of Ca

55
Q

what is a marker of ataxia telangiectasia

A

increased AFP

56
Q

what is Bloom syndrome

A 
chromosomal instability d/o 
humoral and cellular immunodeficiency
AR
small stature, telangiectasias, CNS abnormalities
high s/w leukemia
57
Q

what is Nijmegen Breakage syndrome

A

combined cellular and humoral immunodeficiency
AR
bird-like facies and microcephaly
normal/near normal IQ

58
Q

what disease is 2/2 defect in C1 inhibitor fxn

A

hereditary angioedema
AD

recurrent episodes of angioedema, abdominal pain, extremity swelling, laryngeal edema
+ erythema marginatum
NO urticaria

Allergy (1 decks)

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