AH BIOLOGY UNIT ONE Flashcards
Hazard
Something that upon exposure can cause harm
Risk
The likelihood of harm caused by exposure to the hazard
Hazards in the lab can include…
Toxic/corrosive chemicals, heat or flammable substances, pathogenic organisms and mechanical equipment
A risk assessment involves identifying…
Hazards, risks and control measures to minimise the risk
Control measures can include…
PPE, appropriate handling techniques and aseptic technique
Log dilution series
All dilutions differ by a constant proportion in the series
Linear dilution series
All dilutions in the series differ by an equal interval.
How is a linear dilution series made?
Combining equal volumes of the same stock with different volumes of a suitable solvent
How is a log dilution series made?
Using successive dilutions as the new stock solution
What’s a standard curve’s function?
Determining unknown concentration values.
How to make a standard curve
Plot measured values for known concentrations and draw a line/curve to connect them all. Then determine your unknowns
What’s the function of a buffer?
Reduces the effect of pH as a confounding variable
How does a colorimeter quantify concentration?
Determining how much light has been absorbed by a coloured solution by using suitable wavelength filters.
How does a colorimeter quantify turbidity?
By determining % transmission of light
A centrifuge separates substances based on what?
Density
How does a centrifuge separate substances based on density
More dense substances settle in the pellet. Less dense substances stay in the supernatent
Paper and thin layer chromatography can separate substances like…
Amino acids and sugars
The speed that each solute travels along the chromatogram depends on…
Its differing solubility in the solvent used
In affinity chromatography, a specific matrix or gel column is made with what binding to it?
Specific molecules
What happens to the soluble, target molecules during affinity chromatography?
They stay attached to their matrix/gel column
What happens to the weaker, non target molecules in affinity chromatography?
They are washed out
What is the principle of gel electrophoresis?
Separating proteins based on their size/shape
In gel electrophoresis, charged macromolecules move through what?
An electric field attached to a gel matrix
SDS page electrophoresis separates proteins based on what alone?
Size
What happens surfing SDS page electrophoresis?
All molecules are given an equally negative charge and denatured
