Agriculture test 2 Flashcards

Test 2

1
Q

Is An act of terrorism targeting some component of
agriculture or food supply

A

Agricultural Bioterrorism:

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2
Q

Is a Single-celled organisms that multiply by cell division and can cause
disease in plants, animals, or humans. Examples include citrus canker, anthrax,
and the plague

A

Bacteria

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3
Q

Is a Living organism, biotoxins, and are genetically modified
organisms. An example is anthrax

A

Biological Agent

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4
Q

Are Efforts to prevent harm from intentional and unintentional
introductions of organisms to human health and infrastructure and the
environment, as well as to the agricultural crop and livestock industries

A

Biosecurity

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5
Q

An act of terrorism using a biological agent or toxin, such as
anthrax or ricin. The use of microorganisms or toxins derived from living
organisms to cause death or disease in humans, animals, or plants in a civilian setting

A

Bioterrorism

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6
Q

Commonly called mad cow
disease, is one example of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy

A

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE):

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7
Q

What does CITES stand for

A

CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Specie

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8
Q

A highly contagious viral disease of swine that
can cause very serious losses. Clinically, it is indistinguishable from African
swine fever. is present in Europe, Africa, Mexico, Central America, and
South America. It is also present in the Indian subcontinent, China, and East
and Southeast Asia

A

Classical Swine Fever (CSF)

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9
Q

A rare and fatal disease that affects
humans worldwide. is a deadly brain illness that strikes about one in a
million persons each year, mainly the elderly. Symptoms are mood swings,
numbness, and uncontrolled body movements. Eventually the mind is
destroyed, somewhat like Alzheimer, and death follows. Variant occurs
from consuming meat infected with mad cow disease. The symptoms are the
same as , but the variant occurs in much younger people.

A

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD):

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10
Q

Cultivated plants or agricultural produce, such as grain, vegetables, or
fruit that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence

A

Crop

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11
Q

A community of organisms interacting with each other and
their environment

A

Ecosystem

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12
Q

An operation that produces or sells $1,000 or more in agricultural
products each year

A

Farm

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13
Q

Any nonliving carrier of disease

A

Fomite

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14
Q

has been called the world’s most
contagious virus. Only a few viral particles carried through manure stuck to
farm boots or equipment can spread the disease. It can be carried airborne for
170 miles in an aerosolized form. The virus can also persist in the soil for more
than a month. The virus attacks a variety of livestock and wildlife, such as
cattle, swine, sheep, deer, and elk. The main concern with this disease is not
mortality, but an overall decline in the health of animals. This affects their
ability to grow, give milk, and breed

A

Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD)

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15
Q

Any of numerous organisms that lack chlorophyll and vascular
tissue such as mold, mildew, mushroom, and smut

A

Fungus

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16
Q

The agency in USDA that
ensures the nation’s commercial supply of meat, poultry, and egg products is
safe, wholesome and correctly labeled and packaged

A

Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)

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17
Q

The result of modifying the
genetic characteristics of a microorganism, plant, or animal by inserting a
modified gene or a gene from another variety or species. GMOs may be
microorganisms
designed for use as bio-pesticides, or seeds that have been altered
genetically to give a plant better disease-resistance or growth. In the hands
of terrorists, GMOs could be used among other things to damage crops or
yield

A

Genetically Modified Organism (GMO):

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18
Q

is an infectious disease caused by a bacterial agent. It is
a rapidly fatal illness of horses, donkeys, and mules, with up to 70 percent
mortality. Goats, dogs, and cats can also contract this. can be
transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected animals

A

Glanders

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19
Q

An extremely infectious viral
disease of poultry, including chickens, ducks, and turkeys. Migratory wildfowl
and other wild birds are considered natural hosts for avian influenza viruses.
The disease is spread by bird-to-bird contact through feces and aerosol
droplets. These substances can contaminate equipment, vehicles, boots, and
clothing, which may then serve as a source of infection. The virus is
circulation widely among poultry in Asia, and during an outbreak in poultry,
there is a risk to people who have contact with infected birds or surfaces
contaminated by infected bird

A

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI

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20
Q

generally have six legs (three pairs), and many species have
wings. Most are small and quite mobile, making detection difficult or
impossible

A

Insects

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21
Q

An alien (exotic) species (plant or animal) whose
introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm
or harm to human health

A

Invasive species

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22
Q

is a fungal disease of wheat discovered in the
United States in 1996. This disease poses a threat to our wheat-producing
industry, including a $5 billion export market. Typically, only a portion of the
kernel is affected, leaving an eroded or “bunted” area on the kernel and a
mass of black spores that produce an offensive, “fishy” odor. This disease
spreads by spores through the movement of infected wheat seed, plants, or
straw or even through soil carried on agricultural equipment. Spores can live in
the soil five years

A

Karnal Bunt

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23
Q

Domestic animals, such as cattle or poultry, raised for profit
or subsistence

A

Livestock

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24
Q

Is one of the most important,
and destructive, agricultural pests. It is known to infest 300-400 types of hosts including citrus, mangoes, bananas, guava, and peaches

A

Mediterranean Fruit Fly

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25
A living organism too small to be seen with the naked eye. Includes bacteria, fungi, protozoan, and microscopic algae; also includes viruses
Microorganism
26
have eight legs, making them close relatives of spiders. Like insects, they are small and may easily escape detection. Unlike insects, however, they cannot fly and must rely on their hosts' movements. They can rarely be seen without magnification. They are typically plant feeders, although some are serious pests of honeybees and actually live in the windpipes of bees
Mites
27
Microscopic worm that typically feeds on plant juices
Nematodes
28
Any plant or plant product that can directly or indirectly injure or cause damage to crops, livestock, poultry, or other agriculture; irrigation; navigation; natural resources; public health; or the environment
Noxious weed
29
A biological agent that poses a severe threat to both animal health and human health
Overlap agent
30
Any agent that causes disease
Pathogen
31
Any unwanted organism of native or foreign origin (plant, animal, or disease
Pest
32
also known as sharka, infects stone fruit species including peaches, apricots, plums, and almonds. Fruit from infected trees may be deformed or blemished with spots or rings.
Plum pox
33
Any plant material that can be planted and grown. Examples include seeds, bulbs, cuttings, live plants, and tissue culture
Propagative
34
Any of the various hoofed, even-toed mammals that have a stomach divided into two to four compartments and chew their cud. Examples include cows, sheep, goats, deer, giraffes, and camels
Ruminant
35
A preventative action for handling, maintaining, or disposing of prohibited or restricted products and articles to eliminate the risk of animal disease and plant pest dissemination
Safeguarding
36
A poisonous substance that a microorganism, plant, or animal produces as a byproduct. An example is ricin
Toxin
37
are a group of diseases that affect the central nervous system. These diseases are fatal and are characterized by a spongy degeneration of the brain
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE)
38
Any organism that carries and transmits plant or animal diseases from one host to another. Examples include ticks and mosquitoes
Vector
39
is a mosquito-borne viral disease of horses, donkeys, and zebras. While not a disease of livestock, equines may suddenly die or show progressive central nervous system disorders. Humans also can contract this disease
Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (VEE)
40
A contagious and fatal viral disease affecting all species of birds by attacking the respiratory, digestive, and nervous system
Virulent Newcastle Disease (VND)
41
A simple submicroscopic infectious agent that often causes disease in plants and animals. Lacks its own metabolic system and depends upon the living cells of the host organism to multiply. Types of _____include plum pox, foot-and-mouth disease, and smallpox
Virus
42
To make into or use as a weapon or a potential weapon. Terrorists may weaponize a biological agent by altering the pathogen to enhance the spread of the agent or increase the strength or life of the agent
Weaponize
43
Regulates the importation of honeybees and honeybee semen from all countries  Purpose is to prevent the introduction and spread of diseases and parasites harmful to honeybee
Honeybee act
44
Regulates the entry of agricultural or vegetable seeds * Restricts the entry of agricultural or vegetable seeds to ensure seed purity  Provides for the sampling of seed shipments to ensure seed purity  Verifies accuracy of seed labeling
Federal seed act
45
Regulates the importation of live animals and animal products
Animal Health Protection Act
46
Regulates the preparation and sale of veterinary biologic products used in animals such as vaccines, bacterins, antisera, diagnostic kits, and other products
Virus-Serum Toxin Act
47
Regulates the import and export of protected plants and animals  Although the act is written to protect both plants and animals, APHIS only has regulatory authority over
Endangered Species Act (U.S. Department of Interior)
48
Regulates international trade to prevent decline of endangered or threatened species  Countries join the convention and agree to work together to help stop the illegal trade in Endangered Species
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) (U.S. Department of Interior
49
Helps foreign countries and our individual States enforce conservation laws  Unlawful to trade in any plant that is taken, possessed, transported, or sold in violation of the laws for the United States, a State, Indian Tribe, or any foreign law that protects plants  Prevents trade in illegally harvested lumber  Prevents trade in wood products made from illegally harvested lumber  Makes it unlawful to falsify documents, accounts, or records of any plant covered by the act  Makes it unlawful to import certain plants and plant products without an import declaration  Importers must present a written declaration to CBP for review at the port of entry
Lacey Act
50
Designed to improve the ability of the United States to prevent, prepare for, and respond to bioterrorism and other public health emergencies that could threaten public safety or American agriculture
Agriculture Bioterrorism Protection Act
51
How much economic activity is generated each year by agriculture and related industries
1 trillion
52
What percentage of the U.S. population is employed by agriculture and related industries
14%
53
What is the number one crop (by cash value) grown in the United States
Corn
54
Which sector of the U.S. economy generates a net trade surplus (exports exceed imports
Agriculture
55
How much economic activity is generated by hunting, fishing, and other wildlife activities
120 billion
56
What is the main role CBP plays in keeping our agriculture safe
Exclusion methods that prevent entry of exotic pests and diseases
57
The agricultural inspections performed at the ports of entry that are designed to prevent the entry and spread of harmful pests and diseases into the United States are called
Agriculture Quarantine Inspections
58
Why was the AQI Program transferred from USDA to DHS
To strengthen border security and protect agriculture from acts of bioterrorism
59
Which document specifies the agricultural functions transferred to DHS and those retained by USDA
Memorandum of Agreement
60
The APHIS mission is to protect the health and value of
American agriculture and natural resources
61
Which act helps enforce conservation laws
Lacey Act
62
Which act transferred agricultural quarantine inspections into the Dept. of Homeland Security
Homeland Security Act
63
Which statutory authority enables CBP to regulate Meat
Animal Health Protection Act
64
Which statutory authority enables CBP to regulate Non-endangered plants
Plant Protection Act
65
Which statutory authority enables CBP to regulate vaccines used for sheep
Virus-Serum-Toxin Act
66
Which statutory authority enables CBP to regulate endangered plants
CITES
67
Which act makes it illegal to conduct trade in endangered species in violation of Federal and Indian Tribal laws, treaties, and regulations
Lacey Act
68
An alien species (plant or animal) whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm is called a/an
Invasive Species
69
What is the main reason our agriculture is at risk in the United States
International movement of people, commodities, and conveyances
70
Which invasive species is a threat to corn
Witchweed
71
Which plant disease is a threat to our wheat crop
Karnal Bunt
72
Which invasive species is a threat to most fruit
Mediterranean fruit fly
73
What is the world’s worst pest of potato
Golden Nematodes
74
Exotic animal diseases not known to occur in the United States are called
Foreign Animal Diseases
75
Which disease is considered the greatest threat to the livestock industry
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)
76
Which disease is considered the greatest threat to the poultry industry
Virulent Newcastle disease (VND)
77
A nonliving carrier of a disease is called a
Fomite
77
Which disease affects both swine and ruminant
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD)
78
Which disease agent is highly resistant to heat
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)
79
Which is used to assess agricultural risk in passenger clearance
Baggage
80
Which of the following contains data on previous random agricultural baggage inspections
Agricultural Quarantine Inspection Monitoring (AQIM)
81
Is collected for duty station criteria through random sampling, statistical history, blitzes, previously issued civil penalties, CBP computer systems, and risk based on geographical are
Data
82
Which traveler is exempt from an agricultural civil penalty
Foreign diplomat traveling with a G-1 visa
83
Whose role is it to issue civil penalties at the port
The CBP Agriculture Specialist
84
Which law requires entities that possess, use, or transfer agents or toxins deemed a threat to animal or plant health register these agents with APHIS
Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection
85
Which Agency’s mission is to protect the health and value of American agriculture and natural resources
APHIS
86
The treaty that regulates international trade to prevent the decline of endangered or threatened species is called
CITES
87
Which act helps foreign countries and our individual states enforce conservation laws
Lacey Act
88
Animal health regulations are found under what title
Title 9
89
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy is an example of
Foreign animal disease
90
Citrus canker is an example of a
Plant disease
91
Geographically based risk for agricultural baggage is based on the
pests known to occur in certain areas of the world
92
Who must comply with the Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act
Anyone possessing any select agent or toxin
92
Select agents and toxins known as “overlap agents” pose a severe threat to animal health and
Human health
93
Which document specifies the agricultural functions transferred to DHS and those retained by USDA
Memorandum of Agreement
94
Which act transferred agricultural quarantine inspection functions into the Department of Homeland Security
Homeland Security Act
95
Which act/law regulates animals and animal products imported into the United States
Animal Health Protection Act
96
Which act/law requires the importer to present a written declaration to CBP for review at the port of entry
Lacey act