Agriculture test 2 Flashcards
Test 2
Is An act of terrorism targeting some component of
agriculture or food supply
Agricultural Bioterrorism:
Is a Single-celled organisms that multiply by cell division and can cause
disease in plants, animals, or humans. Examples include citrus canker, anthrax,
and the plague
Bacteria
Is a Living organism, biotoxins, and are genetically modified
organisms. An example is anthrax
Biological Agent
Are Efforts to prevent harm from intentional and unintentional
introductions of organisms to human health and infrastructure and the
environment, as well as to the agricultural crop and livestock industries
Biosecurity
An act of terrorism using a biological agent or toxin, such as
anthrax or ricin. The use of microorganisms or toxins derived from living
organisms to cause death or disease in humans, animals, or plants in a civilian setting
Bioterrorism
Commonly called mad cow
disease, is one example of a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE):
What does CITES stand for
CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Specie
A highly contagious viral disease of swine that
can cause very serious losses. Clinically, it is indistinguishable from African
swine fever. is present in Europe, Africa, Mexico, Central America, and
South America. It is also present in the Indian subcontinent, China, and East
and Southeast Asia
Classical Swine Fever (CSF)
A rare and fatal disease that affects
humans worldwide. is a deadly brain illness that strikes about one in a
million persons each year, mainly the elderly. Symptoms are mood swings,
numbness, and uncontrolled body movements. Eventually the mind is
destroyed, somewhat like Alzheimer, and death follows. Variant occurs
from consuming meat infected with mad cow disease. The symptoms are the
same as , but the variant occurs in much younger people.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD):
Cultivated plants or agricultural produce, such as grain, vegetables, or
fruit that can be grown and harvested extensively for profit or subsistence
Crop
A community of organisms interacting with each other and
their environment
Ecosystem
An operation that produces or sells $1,000 or more in agricultural
products each year
Farm
Any nonliving carrier of disease
Fomite
has been called the world’s most
contagious virus. Only a few viral particles carried through manure stuck to
farm boots or equipment can spread the disease. It can be carried airborne for
170 miles in an aerosolized form. The virus can also persist in the soil for more
than a month. The virus attacks a variety of livestock and wildlife, such as
cattle, swine, sheep, deer, and elk. The main concern with this disease is not
mortality, but an overall decline in the health of animals. This affects their
ability to grow, give milk, and breed
Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD)
Any of numerous organisms that lack chlorophyll and vascular
tissue such as mold, mildew, mushroom, and smut
Fungus
The agency in USDA that
ensures the nation’s commercial supply of meat, poultry, and egg products is
safe, wholesome and correctly labeled and packaged
Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)
The result of modifying the
genetic characteristics of a microorganism, plant, or animal by inserting a
modified gene or a gene from another variety or species. GMOs may be
microorganisms
designed for use as bio-pesticides, or seeds that have been altered
genetically to give a plant better disease-resistance or growth. In the hands
of terrorists, GMOs could be used among other things to damage crops or
yield
Genetically Modified Organism (GMO):
is an infectious disease caused by a bacterial agent. It is
a rapidly fatal illness of horses, donkeys, and mules, with up to 70 percent
mortality. Goats, dogs, and cats can also contract this. can be
transmitted to humans by direct contact with infected animals
Glanders
An extremely infectious viral
disease of poultry, including chickens, ducks, and turkeys. Migratory wildfowl
and other wild birds are considered natural hosts for avian influenza viruses.
The disease is spread by bird-to-bird contact through feces and aerosol
droplets. These substances can contaminate equipment, vehicles, boots, and
clothing, which may then serve as a source of infection. The virus is
circulation widely among poultry in Asia, and during an outbreak in poultry,
there is a risk to people who have contact with infected birds or surfaces
contaminated by infected bird
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI
generally have six legs (three pairs), and many species have
wings. Most are small and quite mobile, making detection difficult or
impossible
Insects
An alien (exotic) species (plant or animal) whose
introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm
or harm to human health
Invasive species
is a fungal disease of wheat discovered in the
United States in 1996. This disease poses a threat to our wheat-producing
industry, including a $5 billion export market. Typically, only a portion of the
kernel is affected, leaving an eroded or “bunted” area on the kernel and a
mass of black spores that produce an offensive, “fishy” odor. This disease
spreads by spores through the movement of infected wheat seed, plants, or
straw or even through soil carried on agricultural equipment. Spores can live in
the soil five years
Karnal Bunt
Domestic animals, such as cattle or poultry, raised for profit
or subsistence
Livestock
Is one of the most important,
and destructive, agricultural pests. It is known to infest 300-400 types of hosts including citrus, mangoes, bananas, guava, and peaches
Mediterranean Fruit Fly
A living organism too small to be seen with the
naked eye. Includes bacteria, fungi, protozoan, and microscopic algae; also
includes viruses
Microorganism
have eight legs, making them close relatives of spiders. Like
insects, they are small and may easily escape detection. Unlike insects,
however, they cannot fly and must rely on their hosts’ movements. They can
rarely be seen without magnification. They are typically plant feeders, although
some are serious pests of honeybees and
actually live in the windpipes of bees
Mites
Microscopic worm that typically feeds on plant juices
Nematodes
Any plant or plant product that can directly or indirectly injure
or cause damage to crops, livestock, poultry, or other agriculture; irrigation;
navigation; natural resources; public health; or the environment
Noxious weed
A biological agent that poses a severe threat to both animal
health and human health
Overlap agent
Any agent that causes disease
Pathogen
Any unwanted organism of native or foreign origin (plant, animal, or
disease
Pest
also known as sharka, infects stone fruit species
including peaches, apricots, plums, and almonds. Fruit from infected trees may
be deformed or blemished with spots or rings.
Plum pox
Any plant material that can be planted and grown. Examples
include seeds, bulbs, cuttings, live plants, and tissue culture
Propagative
Any of the various hoofed, even-toed mammals that have a
stomach divided into two to four compartments and chew their cud. Examples
include cows, sheep, goats, deer, giraffes, and camels
Ruminant
A preventative action for handling, maintaining, or disposing
of prohibited or restricted products and articles to eliminate the risk of animal
disease and plant pest dissemination
Safeguarding
A poisonous substance that a microorganism, plant, or animal
produces as a byproduct. An example is ricin
Toxin
are a group of
diseases that affect the central nervous system. These diseases are fatal and
are characterized by a spongy degeneration of the brain
Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy (TSE)
Any organism that carries and transmits plant or animal diseases
from one host to another. Examples include ticks and mosquitoes
Vector
is a mosquito-borne
viral disease of horses, donkeys, and zebras. While not a disease of
livestock, equines may suddenly die or show progressive central nervous
system disorders. Humans also can contract this disease
Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis (VEE)
