Agriculture and Industry Flashcards
What is Kc?
The equilibrium constant.
Why does Kc not alter when the pressure or concentration change?
Le Chatelier’s principle causes the position of equilibrium to change in such a way that Kc does not alter when pressure and concentration change.
What is NO?
Nitrogen (II) oxide. This is a colourless gas that turns into brown NO2 in air.
What is NO2?
Nitrogen (IV) oxide. This is a brown toxic gas.
What is N2O?
Dinitrogen (I) oxide. This is a colourless gas.
What is the nitrogen cycle?
Processes which convert gaseous nitrogen and organic nitrogen compounds into soluble ammonia and nitrogen compounds plants can use.
What shape is the ammonia molecule?
Pyramidal.
What is the solubility of ionic compounds?
They are often soluble in water and insoluble in polar solvents such as hexane.
What are NO3- ions called?
Nitrate (V) ions.
What are NO2- ions called?
Nitrate (III) ions.
Are ionic structures hard?
Hard but brittle.
When do ionic compounds become conductors?
When molten or dissolved in solution.
What 6 factors affect industrial processes?
- The costs of raw materials
- Energy costs
- Co-products
- By-products
- Does it have a benefit to society?
- Hazards (explosive, acidic gases and toxic emissions)
What effect can weeds have on crops?
They compete for soil nutrients.
What effect can moulds/fungi have on crops?
These rot plants and seeds.
In what 3 ways can pesticides be regulated?
- They must be specific to the target organism.
- They need to be able to kill at low dosages.
- They cannot persist in the environment or enter the water supply, so they need to be biodegradable.
How can soil pH be controlled?
Lime or chalk can be added to soil to alter its pH.
How can extra nutrients be added to soil?
Fertilizers add nutrients for plant growth and manure adds organic matter.
