Agriculture

Question 1

Soil horizons

Answer 1

Some soils have an organic horizon (O) on the surface, but this horizon can also be buried; the surface horizon (A); The master horizon, E, is used for subsurface horizons that have a significant loss of minerals (eluviation); the subsoil; (B) and the substratum (C).

Question 2

Eluviation

Answer 2

Removal of dissolved or suspended material from a layer or layers of the soil by the movement of water when rainfall exceeds evaporation.

Question 3

The Green Revolution

Answer 3

a period of agricultural innovation in the 20th century that increased crop yields and helped feed the world’s growing population.

Question 4

Subsidy

Answer 4

government provides aid (money) to an industry business to keep the price of certain goods low

Question 5

Externalities

Answer 5

an indirect cost or benefit that affects a third party

Question 6

Irrigation types

Answer 6

Furrow, Flood, Spray, Drip

Question 7

Bacillus thuringiensis

Answer 7

produces proteins that kill some insects (pests) without the use artificial pesticide; used in GMOs

Question 8

Soil Profile

Answer 8

a vertical section of soil that shows the layers, or horizons, that make up the soil

Question 9

Cation Exchanged Capacity (CEC) Significance

Answer 9

measures a soil’s ability to hold positively charged ions (cations), which directly impacts its fertility by determining how well it can retain essential plant nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and potassium

Question 10

Acid Chemical deposition

Answer 10

basically acid rain

Question 11

agribusiess

Answer 11

Agriculture on commercial principles

Question 12

agrobiodiversity

Answer 12

the variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms that are used for food, agriculture, and more

Question 13

agroforestry

Answer 13

intentionally growing trees and shrubs in combination with crops or livestock

Question 14

alley cropping

Answer 14

planting of rows of trees and/or shrubs to create alleys

Question 15

animal manure

Answer 15

waste secretions/poop

Question 16

aquaculture

Answer 16

raising aquatic organisms in controlled conditions for food, commercial products, and to help rebuild endangered species

Question 17

artificial selection

Answer 17

selectively breeding animals with desirable traits

Question 18

broad-spectrum agents

Answer 18

any antibiotic that acts against a wide range of disease-causing bacteria

Question 19

cash crops

Answer 19

Crops grown for the purpose of making money rather than food

Question 20

chronic undernutrition marmamous

Answer 20

severe form of malnutrition that results from chronic undernutrition, or a long-term lack of calories and nutrients

Question 21

commercial inorganic fertilizer

Answer 21

Using the Haber process, the atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is converted to ammonia (NH3) by reacting it with hydrogen (H2)

Question 22

compost

Answer 22

recycled organic matter use as fertilizer

Question 23

conservation-tillage farming

Answer 23

combination of no-till, strip till, ridge till, and mulch till

Question 24

contour farming

Answer 24

planting and tilling crops along the natural slope of a field

Question 25

crop rotation

Answer 25

planting different crops sequentially on the same plot of land to improve soil health

Question 26

DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)

Answer 26

a toxic, man-made chemical that was once used as a pesticide

Question 27

desertification

Answer 27

fertile land gradually turns into arid desert

Question 28

famine

Answer 28

extreme shortage of food causing starvation

Question 29

Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)

Answer 29

set up the basic U.S. system of pesticide regulation to protect applicators, consumers, and the environment.

Question 30

feedlots

Answer 30

facility where animals are raised and fattened before slaughter

Question 31

fisheries

Answer 31

a place where fish are reared for commercial purposes.

Question 32

fish-farming

Answer 32

raising fish in captivity for human consumption

Question 33

fish-ranching

Answer 33

raising fish in captivity for part of their lives, then releasting into the wild, and then harvesting them when they return.

Question 34

food security

Answer 34

access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences

Question 35

green manure

Answer 35

crops grown within a rotation for building soil organic matter and soil structure

Question 36

gully erosion

Answer 36

surface water runoff cuts into the soil and forms deep channels

Question 37

high-input agriculture/intensive farming

Answer 37

relies on machinery, synthetic inputs, and advanced technologies to maximize crop yields

Question 38

integrated pest management (IPM)

Answer 38

uses a combination of practices to minimize the use of chemicals

Question 39

intercropping

Answer 39

growing two or more crops at the same time in the same field

Question 40

monoculture

Answer 40

cultuvating only one crop is a given area

Question 41

multiple cropping

Answer 41

growing two or more crops in the same piece of land during a single growing season

Question 42

oceanic fisheries

Answer 42

fisheries without using no chemicals

Question 43

Strip cropping

Answer 43

growing crops in alternating strips across a field

Question 44

Terracing

Answer 44

using terraces to prevent runoff

Question 45

Sod

Answer 45

Sod is the upper layer of turf that is harvested for transplanting. Turf consists of a variable thickness of a soil medium that supports a community of turfgrasses.