Agriculture

Question 1

Steps of Agriculture

Answer 1

1. Land preparation - Land use, Climate, Rainfall
2. Soil
3. Crops diversification
4. Inputs
5. Irrigation

5M rule - Men, Money, Material, Methodology, Market, Tech
5. Finance
6. Policy Support
7. Workforce
8. Technology Aid
9. Infrastructure
10. Marketing
11. Consumer Demand
12. Skills - Agricultural Extension services

Question 2

Dimension 1: Land Use issues

Answer 2

Climate - Monsoon, Extreme weather conditions, Climate Change

Land reforms, while intended led to decline in operational land size.

Eg: 67% of operational land holdings are marginal - NSSO, 2013

Way forward-
Digital India Land Records Modernization Programme

Question 3

Key issue related to Agricultural land

Answer 3

Fragmented land holdings - 67% -NSS0,2013

Question 4

Way forward for Land related issue

Answer 4

DILRMP reducing litigation and disputes

Question 5

Dimension 2: Soil: Mention 5 keywords for soil related issues

Answer 5

Alkanity,
Acidification,
Salinity,
Nutrients deficiency,
Erosion

Question 6

Dimension 2: Soil - Solutions

Answer 6

Soil Health Card Schemes,
National Afforestation Programme
Agro-Forestry
Crop diversification
Integrated Farming
Using legumes (Nitrogen fixing crops) - lentils, beans

Question 7

Dimension 5: Finance challenges

Answer 7

40% loans = informal means
Indebtedness = 52% of agri. households

Increased farmer suicides due to crop failures,
more than 1100 cases in 2024

Question 8

Main report to quote for agri facts

Answer 8

NSSO, 2013 report

Question 9

Finance dimension solutions

Answer 9

PM Fasal Bima Yojana

Question 10

Workforce Challenges

Answer 10

marginal households = 89.4%, crop area owned = 47.3% only
NSO report, 2019

women contributes to 62.9% of agricultural workforce but operates only 11.72% of total operated area

PLFS-2021-22

Lack of Income diversification

Question 11

9 Dimension: Infrastructure constraints

Answer 11

1. Lacks proper cold storage facilities leading to post harvest losses
2. Poor road connectivity increases transportation cost
3. Limited tech adoption in supply chain

Question 12

10 Dimension: Marketing challenges

Answer 12

1. ## Market Linkage / Limited Market accessLack wider market due to sanitary & phytosanitary measures
2. Lack of marketing information
3. Monopolistic dominance of Intermediaries
4. Inadequate value addition

Question 13

10 Dimension: Marketing solutions

Answer 13

1. Contract farming- bypassing intermediaries.
2. Value addition
3. Access to Knowledge and agricultural extension services
   e-Chaupal

Question 14

Dimension 6: Policy Issues

Answer 14

1. MSP only for traditional crops - disincentivizing crop diversification

Question 15

Dimension 12: Agriculture Extension Services : Challenges

Answer 15

1. Lack of awareness

Question 16

Dimension 12: Agricultural Extension Services

Answer 16

1. Potential: 1 Rs invested in agricultural research pays off Rs 13.85 - Eco Survery FY24
2. e-Chaupal: Providing agriculture extension services to farmers