AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT Flashcards
deals with the study of application, use, and management of various agricultural machines, tools, and equipment used for production and post-production operation.
Agricultural Machinery
development, manufacture and extension of appropriate agricultural tools, implements, and machinery using animal, human, mechanical, electrical, and other renewable sources of energy for agricultural production and development and post harvest operations.
Agricultural Mechanization -
designed primarily for
agricultural field operation. These include agricultural tractors,
self-propelled machines, implements, and their combinations.
Agricultural Field Equipment
are traction machines designed
primarily to supply power to agricultural implements and
farmstead equipment. They propel itself and provide a force
to the direction of travel to enable attached soil-engaging
and other agricultural implement to perform its intended
function.
Agricultural Tractors
are designed to perform agricultural
operations. These are further classified into: towed,
mounted, and semi-mounted implements.
Agricultural Implement
are implement designed with
integral power unit to provide both mobility and power in
performing agricultural operations.
Self-Propelled Machines
These are equipment other than
agricultural field equipment used in agricultural operation for
the production of food and fiber. These include livestock
equipment, waste-handling system, crop drying and milling
systems, material handling system, and others.
Farmstead Equipment
These include plow and harrow used to prepare the
land making it ready for seeding and planting operations.
Tillage Equipment
These are equipment used to place
seeds or plant parts into the prepared seedbed.
a. Seeder
b. Transplanter
Seeding and Planting Equipment
These include cultivating, weeding,
spraying, dusting, as well as irrigation equipment aimed at making sure
that the crop grows to produce its potential yield.
a. Weeder
b. Sprayer and Duster
c. Cultivator
Crop Maintenance Equipment
These are equipment used
to gather and separate the produced from the panicles and make
them ready for primary processing operation.
Harvesting and Threshing Equipment
These are equipment used to reduce the
moisture of the product to a level that it can be stored with
minimum loss from spoilage.
Drying Equipment
These are equipment used to process the
product ready for consumption.
Milling Equipment
These are equipment used to keep the
product safe from deterioration or spoilage for prolonged period of
storage.
Storage Equipment
• Machine used primarily for traction or pulling purposes.
• It can also deliver power for both stationary and mobile tasks.
• It can pull or tow implement through traction from drive wheel or
pull implement through the draft developed from the drawbar
Agricultural Tractor
• They are used as primary tillage implement constituting the initial
major soil-working operation, normally designed to reduce soil
strength, cover plant materials, and rearrange aggregates.
Plows
Used as secondary tillage implement designed to control weed
growth and to create specific soil surface configuration before
seeding
Harrows
Hand-operated machines used to till small sizes of land enough to
replace draft animals.
Power Tillers
used for pulling small plows or harrows to
prepare a paddy field.
Hand Tractor
equipment used for water-logged areas
where ordinary power tiller cannot be used.
Floating-Type Tiller -
Machines used to open a furrow, place the seeds, and cover them in a prepared soil. • Drill planter • Row Planter • Broadcaster • Drum Seeder
Seeders
Machine used to place seedlings or plant parts in a prepared soil.
• Rice Transplanter
• Sugar Planter
Planter
Machines used to break liquid into droplets of effective size and
distribute them uniformly over the surface or space to be
protected.
• Compressed-Air Sprayer
• Knapsack Sprayer
• Power Sprayer
• Aerosol Sprayer or Fogging Machine
Sprayers
a harvesting machine used to cut standing
crops and lay them down on the field in an orderly manner in a
row.
Reaper-Windrower
a harvesting machine used both to cut and bind
the crops and afterwards lay the bundles of stalks on the ground
Reaper-Binder
• Machine that combines harvesting and threshing into single
operation.
• It differs from combine harvester in that it permits the removal of
grains directly from the heads or panicle without cutting the stalks.
Stripper Harvester
Self-propelled machine which harvests and threshes the grains at
the same time making them ready for drying and storage.
• Check-Row or Oriental-Type
• Reel-Type or Western-Type
Combine Harvester
Machine that separates rice grains from panicle.
• Hold-on or Thrown-In
• Axial-Flow or Radial-Flow
• Peg-Tooth, Wire Loop, or Rasp Bar
• With or Without Cleaner or Mobile with Cleaner
Rice Thresher
¡ Machine used to separate seeds from cobs or pods. • Corn Sheller • Peanut Sheller • Coffee-Bean Sheller • Coffee Sheller
Sheller
¡ Machine used to reduce the moisture of the grains from a level that is in equilibrium with the atmosphere to about 14%. • Flatbed Dryer • Recirculating Dryer • Continuous-Flow Dryer • In-Storage-Bin Dryer • Warehouse Dryer • Flash Dryer
Grain Dryer
¡ Machine used to convert paddy into milled rice.
• Single-Pass Rice Mill and Multiple-Pass Rice Mill
• Rubber Roll, Stone Disc, Steel-Flueted Mill, and Centrifugal
Huller
Rice Mill
¡ Machine used to lift water at a given flow rate and head. • Axial Pump • Centrifugal Pump • Mixed-flow Pump • Lift Pump • Screw Pump
Pump
¡ Machines used to reduce the size of materials into granular or
powdered form either by cutting, shearing, impact or their
combinations.
• Hammer Mill
• Burr Mill
• Steel-Flueted Mill
• Pulverizer
Size-Reduction Equipment
¡ Machine used to reduce the size of fibrous materials and shatter
the fiber through impact action of the beaters or hammers.
Biomass Shredder
¡ Equipment used to safely store the grains immediately after
drying without significant loss in quality.
• Bin and Silos
• Bucket elevator
• Belt conveyor
• Screw conveyors
Grain Storage Equipment
- Actual rate of land or crop
processed in a given time
Effective field capacity
- Rate of performance obtained if
a machine performs its function 100% of the time at a given
operating speed using 100% of its theoretical width.
Theoretical field capacity
- Ratio of effective field capacity to field
capacity, expressed in percent.
Field efficiency
Machine used to safely store grains immediately after drying without significant loss in their quality. • Bin and Silos • Material handling
Grain Storage Equipment
Ratio of the actual effectiveness of a machine to its theoretical effectiveness, expressed in percent. Threshing efficiency of a combine is an example of a functional efficiency.
Functional efficiency
expressed in terms
of mass/time.
Material Capacity
Time rate of
processing a total mass of material
through a machine (includes the straw,
grains and weeds).
Throughput Capacity
Average rate of machine travel in the field during an uninterrupted period of functional activity. For example, functional activity would be interrupted when the implement is raised out of the soil.
Field speed
Average rate of machine travel in the field during an uninterrupted period of functional activity. For example, functional activity would be interrupted when the implement is raised out of the soil.
Field speed
Time a machine spends in the field measured from the start of functional activity to the time the functional activity for the field is completed.
Field time
Useful
service life of a machine before it
becomes unprofitable for its original
purpose due to obsolescence of wear.
Economic life of machine
- Farm Development Equipment
a. Buldozer
b. Land Leveler
c. Post Hole Digger
ALL OF THE ABOVE
Primary tillage equipment used to cut
and invert the soil in order to destroy
weeds prior to secondary tillage
operation.
Moldboard plow
Primary tillage equipment used to
pulverize the soil in order to minimize the
need for a harrow during land
preparation.
Rotary plow
Primary tillage implement for rice crop
that is attached to the axle drive instead
to the hitch point of power tiller .
Screw Plow
Self-propelled machine used for tilling the soil in water logged areas by using rotary driven puddlers. a. Puddling-type floating tiller b. Hydrotiller c. Turtle tiller d. All of the above e. None of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is not a crop establishment equipment for sugar crops? a. Rice Seeder b. Rice transplanter c. All of the above d. None of the above
None of the above
Considered as crop maintenance equipment. a. Sprayer b. Cultivator c. Weeder d. All of the above e. None of the above
All of the above
Which of the following are machines use for rice crop? a. Power tiller b. Transplanter c. Knapsack sprayer d. Reaper e. Thresher f. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following are corn machines? a. Power tiller b. Seeder c. Knapsack sprayer d. Sheller e. All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following is not postharvest equipment? a. Rice stripper harvester b. Rice reaper c. Rice thresher d. All of the above
All of the above
Machine use to separate paddy for
the panicle.
Thresher
Machine that is used to separate
impurities from good grains.
Grain Cleaner
Machine that only cuts standing rice
panicles and lay it down in a windrow
during harvesting.
Reaper harvester
Machine that cuts, threshed and
clean paddy during harvesting operation
Combine harvester
Machine that harvest paddy by the
combing action of rotating rubber
fingers.
Stripper harvester
Postharvest machine that is used to
remove the moisture of the grains down
to equilibrium level with the atmosphere
to arrest deterioration and spoilage.
Dryer
Dryer composed of a bin horizontally
positioned with an air moving device and
a heater is provided to dry the grain.
Flatbed dryer
Dryer composed of a bin horizontally
positioned with an air moving device and
a heater is provided to dry the grain.
Flatbed dryer
Dryer suitable for perishable crops
where the materials being dried are place
on top of the screen layers inside a
compartment or cabinet.
Tray-type dryer
Dryer suitable for perishable crops
where the materials being dried are place
on top of the screen layers inside a
compartment or cabinet.
Tray-type dryer
Size reduction equipment that is
equipped with revolving paddles that
heat the materials by means of impact
over a perforated screen.
Hammer mill
Solid-mixing device that is used to
mix animal feed ingredients using helical
flights inside a semi cylindrical
compartment.
Horizontal mixer
Feed mixer equipped with vertical auger that is centrally positioned in the mixing chamber that lifts and spreads the materials on top with the aid of a paddle until it is completely mixed.
Vertically mixer
Which of the following is a material handling equipment? a. Belt conveyor b. Screw conveyor c. Bucket elevator d. All of the above
All of the above
material handling equipment
consisting of two endless pulleys end to
end with belt that is held on idlers which
horizontally conveys the products.
Belt conveyor
Material handling equipment that is
equipped with rotating helical
mechanism that moves the product by
means of dragging.
Screw conveyor
Machine used to cut and beat
biomass purposely for the production of
biofertilizer.
Biomass shredder
Machine used to slice biomass for the
production of densified fuel.
Biomass chopper
Commonly used machine for grains to reduce size of particles of the products. a. Hammer mill b. Burr mill c. Roller mill d. All of the above
. All of the above
size reduction machine suited for high
moisture products such as cassava.
Burr mill
Wind machine purposely for lifting
water for irrigation which is characterized
by high torque but low rpm.
Wind pump
Wind machine operating at high shaft
speed purposely for generating electricity
Wind turbine
Thermal heating device used for
mechanical dryer that completely burns
biomass and producrd ash as by-product.
Biomass furnace
thermal heating device used for
mechanical dryer that partially burns
biomass to produce combustible gases
and its by product is char.
Biomass gasifier
Thermal heating device used to
produce quality char and combustible oil
by burning biomass with very little
amount of air required for combustion.
Biomass pyrolyzer
