Agri Power -Belonio Flashcards
Belonio Material 2021
the rate at which the energy is used or the work is performed. Energy divided by time.
Power
the capacity of a physical system to perform work. It consists of mass of molecule that produces power either heat, mechanical, electrical,
chemical, or any of their combinations
Energy
States that in all energy exchanges, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state.
Second Law of Thermodynamics
States that the energy is always conserved, it is neither created nor destroyed.
First Law of Thermodynamics
gasoline, diesel, kerosene, bunker oil, etc. for running engines and for producing heat for furnaces,
etc.
Fuel oil
Direct current is stored in a battery through electrical and chemical processes which is subsequently used for lighting and for driving motors to produce power.
Electrical Battery System
heat from the sun for drying, dehydration, steam generation, and electricity generation.
Solar
a type of fuel in which its energy is derived from biological
carbon fixation.
Biofuel
produces mechanical power from the kinetic energy of the wind to
energize wind machines such as wind mill, wind pump and wind turbine.
Wind
combustion to produce
heat, producer gas, bio-oil; fermentation to produce alcohol; and digestion to produce methane gas.
Biomass
produces mechanical power from the kinetic energy of water to
drive pumps and micro-turbine for generation of electricity.
Hydro
Biomass, such as rice husks, wood chips, etc., are used as fuel in the
production of steam which drives steam turbines that produces electricity.
Biomass Power Generation System
rate of using energy usually expressed either in horsepower, watts,
pferde starke, etc.
Power
Small DC generators are driven by a fast running
rotor to produce electricity for off-grid
applications, particularly in energizing farmers homes.
Wind Turbine System
Fuel oil is used to produce mechanical power through combustion of fuel inside the engine cylinder.
Internal Combustion Engine System
Heat is produced for various agricultural
processing operations by full or partial combustion of biomass.
Biomass Thermal System
Direct current is produced from sun light
through a solar cell which is subsequently used for home lighting,
water pumping for crop irrigation, etc.
Solar Photovoltaic System
Heat from the sun is captured by means of an absorber
or a concentrator for applications like
drying, dehydration, etc.
Solar-Thermal System
system appropriate for distributed generation in which distribution grid user has a two-way connectionnto the grid and is only charge for his net electricity consumption and is credited for any overall contribution to the electricity grid.
Net Metering
The kinetic energy of water is utilized to drive a wheel or a turbine to produce mechanical power for various applications like corn milling, grinding cereals, lifting water, electricity
generation, etc.
Hydro Power System
amount of heat
energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water
one degree Fahrenheit.
British Thermal Unit
force in pound acting on
a distance of 1 foot.
Foot-Pound
the energy released per unit mass or volume of
the fuel when the fuel is completely burned
Heating Value of Fuel
refers to the condition in which water in the final combustion products remains as vapor or steam.
Lower Heating Value
the high voltage backbone system of interconnected transmission lines, substations, and
related facilities
Grid
amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celsius.
Calorie
a condition in which the water is condensed out of the combustion products
Higher Heating Value
also called pyrolysis oil or biocrude
bio-oil
is usually referred to the part of the energy of
an atomic nucleus which can be
released by fusion or fission or by
radioactive decay.
Nuclear Energy (Uranium)
is a material that stores energy which is subsequently extracted to perform mechanical work in a controlled manner.
Fuel
a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, with other hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and hydrogen sulfide.
Natural Gas
a naturally occurring flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons with various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds that
are found in geologic formation beneath the earth’s surface.
Crude Oil
measures the ignition quality of fuel in the engine. The higher the number, the lesser the fuel is susceptible to ‘knocking’
Octane Number
a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock
usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal
seams.
Coal
is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon
gases used as fuel in heating appliances and vehicles. It consists of
propane and butane.
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)
The gravity of liquid fuel is usually expressed in _____ degrees.
API (American Petroleum Institute)
the lowest temperature at which liquid fuel flow under prescribed condition. It is a very rough indication of
the lowest temperature at which fuel is ready to be pumped.
Pour Point
the lowest temperature at which liquid fuel is heated in order to give
off sufficient vapor forming an inflammable air-gas mixture
Flash Point
Biomass Producer Gas – is a gaseous fuel derived from burning of biomass at a temperature of around 900°C and with limited amount of air. When the fuel is gasified using
pure oxygen, the gas is called
synthetic gas
explosion caused by its premature burning in the combustion chamber
knocking’
is manufactured
from heavier distillation fraction, particularly gas oil;
Cracked gasoline
distance traveled by a piston
from top dead center to bottom dead
center.
Stroke
refers to the size of the opening of the cylinder which is almost equal
to the diameter of the piston plus the
rings.
Bore
measures the ignition quality of diesel fuel. The higher the number, the easier it is to start
a compression-ignition engine
Cetane Number
volume in
the combustion cylinder when the
piston is at the TDC position.
Clearance Volume (CV)
consists of all
types of natural raw or cracked gasoline and are mixed together in the refining process.
Blended gasoline
ratio of the
total volume to the clearance volume
Compression Ratio (CR)
series of events occurring one
after the other is a definite order and
repeating the event after the last one
has occurred.
Cycle
power
available at the drive shaft or
crankshaft of the engine.
Brake Horsepower (BHP)
amount of pressure generated during
the power stroke of an engine.
Mean Effective pressure (MEP)
lowest
position of the piston during intake
and power stroke.
Bottom Dead Center (BDC)
uppermost
position of the piston during the
compression and exhaust stroke.
Top Dead Center (TDC)
volume
displaced by a piston in one stroke
Piston Displacement (PD)
equivalent to one
complete rotation of the crankshaft.
Revolution
power generated at the combustion chamber
of the engine.
Indicate Horsepower (IHP)
power of the
engine as specified by the
manufacturer.
Rated Horsepower
houses the valves,
spark plug or fuel injector and serves
as cover for the cylinder block.
Cylinder Head
ratio of the
brake horsepower to the indicated
horsepower.
Mechanical Efficiency
power
loss due to friction of piston and other
components of the engine.
Friction Horsepower (FHP)
ratio of the
brake horsepower to the power
available in the fuel.
Brake Thermal Efficiency
rate of
fuel consumed per unit brake power
Specific Fuel Consumption
minimum speed the
engine runs at no load, usually around
900 rpm.
Idle Speed
opening
adjustment of the engine throttle at
the best operating condition which is
usually 75% of the total opening.
Optimum Throttle Opening
hollow cylinder with
closed top upon which the expanding
gases act and transmit force to the
crankshaft.
Piston
joins the connecting rod
and the piston. It is removable to
facilitate replacement of piston.
Piston Pin
retain compression, reduce cylinder wall contact thereby reduce
friction losses and wear
Piston Rings
encloses the piston
and confines the expanding gases.
Cylinder Block
actuates the valves
through a rocker arm to open and
close during engine operation.
Camshaft
allows the flow of fuel and exhaust gases.
Valve
receives the power from
the piston and transmits it to the other
parts of the engine to do useful work.
Crankshaft
the control device of an
engine. It governs or controls the
engine speed at some fixed value
while power output changes to meet
the demand.
Governor
connects the piston
and the crankshaft. It transmits power
from the piston to the crankshaft.
Connecting Rod
an alternative form of power transmission that functions most like
the automatic transmission of an
automobile.
Hydro Static Transmission
encloses and supports the crankshaft and serves as reservoir for
the lubricating oil
Crankcase
contains the oil used to
lubricate an engine
Oil Pan
rugged high performance work tools that can be added to the tractor to increase its
job functions.
Implement
used in measuring the
level of lubricating oil in an engine.
Dip Stick
the energy storage
device of an engine to keep it at uniform speed when the crankshaft is
not receiving power from the piston.
Flywheel
consists of two lift arms and one top link where
pins are attached to the
implement. It is used to attach rear-mounted attachments like mowers, blades, scrapers, posthole digger, tiller, and backhoes.
Three-Point Hitch
a framework that supports the tractor frame and guts including the engine, transmission, suspension, etc.
Chassis
increases the output of
the tractor engine by about 20%.
Turbo Charger
an added weight to the
tractor that serves as a counter balance to a heavy load that is
usually found at the rear of the tractor.
Ballast
