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agriculture > agri 2.0 > Flashcards

agri 2.0 Flashcards

1
Q

what is meant by plant propagation

A

is the genration of new plants by way of seeds or vegetative parts of a plant

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2
Q

differentiate between the two types of plant propagation

A

sexual propagation is the generation of new plants using seeds and both parents while asexual propagation uses vegetative parts of a plant to generate new plants

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3
Q

define the term pollination

A

pollination is the tranfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a plant

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4
Q

differentiate the difference between self pollination and cross pollination

A

self pollination is when pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same plant while cross pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of another plant by way of wind or insect.

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5
Q

list three characteristics that a plant must have in order for it to be pollinated by way of insects

A

brightly coloured petals
nectaries
stigma is sticky

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6
Q

list three characteristics that a plant must have in order for it to be pollinated by way of wing

A

filament must be long
no nectaries
dont have to have scent

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7
Q

explain the process of fertilization in a plant

A

pollen grains transferring from the anther to the stigma then the pollen tube dissolves, releases the pollen grains and it fusses with the ovule to later form seeds

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8
Q

give two examples of rhizomes

A

ginger, tumeric

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9
Q

give two example of sucker

A

banana, plantain

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10
Q

give two examples of stem tuber

A

irish potato, sweet potato

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11
Q

give two examples of bulb

A

onion and tulip

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12
Q

give two examples of runner

A

strawberries and pumpkins

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13
Q

what is grafting

A

graphting is the use of a scion and a rootstack to create a union

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14
Q

list four tools used in grafting

A

grafting wax
budding tape
budding knife
secature

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15
Q

what is the name of the solution in which tissues are placed for tissue culture

A

agar solution

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16
Q

what are two other names for air layering

A

marcotting and simple layering

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17
Q

what is germination

A

germination is the process by which a plant grows from a seed into a seedling

18
Q

what is soil

where does soil come from

A

soil is a natural medium used to grow crops

soil comes from weathered rock

19
Q

what is soil composition

A

soil composition is the basic components of soil which includes minerals, organic matter, water and air

20
Q

what is a soil profile

A

soil profile is a vertical cut or cross section through the soil which shows the different horizons

21
Q

what is soil texture

A

the fineness or coarsness of a soil

22
Q

sandy soil

A

consists of small particles of weathered rocks

23
Q

silty soil

A

is known to have much smaller particles than sand and is made up of rocks and other mineral particles

24
Q

clay soil

A

is the smallest particle among the other two types of soil

25
Q

loamy soil

A

is a combination of sand,silt and clay so that the beneficial properties of each are included

26
Q

blocky

A

irregular blocks that are usually 1.5-5.0cm in diameter

27
Q

granular

A

resembles cookie crumbs & is usually less than 5.0 cm in diameter

28
Q

prismatic

A

vertical columns of soil that might be a number of cm long

29
Q

columnar

A

vertical columns of soil that have a salt ‘cap’ at the top

30
Q

platy

A

looks like plates ( flat & thin)

31
Q

single grained

A

soil is broken into individual particles that do not stick together.

32
Q

feel method

A

this involves feeling the soil and using the particle size to determine the texture when rubbed between the fingers

33
Q

ribbon/moulding method

A

a sample is moistened and kneaded and formed into a ribbon

34
Q

sieve method

A

this involves placing a series of sieve with progressively smaller mesh size on top of each other

35
Q

is sand cohesive?

A

no

36
Q

is clay cohesive?

A

yes

37
Q

what is capillarity

A

is the upward movement of water in the pore spaces in the soil

37
Q

what is surface crusting

A

is the formation of a crust that appears on the surface of the soil after a heavy shower of rain

38
Q

soil temperature

A

is important as water logged soils tend to have a cold temperature and well drained soil have a warm temperature

39
Q

soil colour

A

is important indicator of certain physical and chemical characteristics. it is due to the two factors the humus layer and the nature of iron components present

40
Q

soil pH

A

pH stands for potential of hydrogen and its a measure of acidity or alkalinity of the soil. under 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, above 7 is alkaline

agriculture (5 decks)

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