agri 2.0

Question 1

what is meant by plant propagation

Answer 1

is the genration of new plants by way of seeds or vegetative parts of a plant

Question 2

differentiate between the two types of plant propagation

Answer 2

sexual propagation is the generation of new plants using seeds and both parents while asexual propagation uses vegetative parts of a plant to generate new plants

Question 3

define the term pollination

Answer 3

pollination is the tranfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a plant

Question 4

differentiate the difference between self pollination and cross pollination

Answer 4

self pollination is when pollen grains are transferred from the anther to the stigma of the same plant while cross pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of another plant by way of wind or insect.

Question 5

list three characteristics that a plant must have in order for it to be pollinated by way of insects

Answer 5

brightly coloured petals
nectaries
stigma is sticky

Question 6

list three characteristics that a plant must have in order for it to be pollinated by way of wing

Answer 6

filament must be long
no nectaries
dont have to have scent

Question 7

explain the process of fertilization in a plant

Answer 7

pollen grains transferring from the anther to the stigma then the pollen tube dissolves, releases the pollen grains and it fusses with the ovule to later form seeds

Question 8

give two examples of rhizomes

Answer 8

ginger, tumeric

Question 9

give two example of sucker

Answer 9

banana, plantain

Question 10

give two examples of stem tuber

Answer 10

irish potato, sweet potato

Question 11

give two examples of bulb

Answer 11

onion and tulip

Question 12

give two examples of runner

Answer 12

strawberries and pumpkins

Question 13

what is grafting

Answer 13

graphting is the use of a scion and a rootstack to create a union

Question 14

list four tools used in grafting

Answer 14

grafting wax
budding tape
budding knife
secature

Question 15

what is the name of the solution in which tissues are placed for tissue culture

Answer 15

agar solution

Question 16

what are two other names for air layering

Answer 16

marcotting and simple layering

Question 17

what is germination

Answer 17

germination is the process by which a plant grows from a seed into a seedling

Question 18

what is soil

where does soil come from

Answer 18

soil is a natural medium used to grow crops

soil comes from weathered rock

Question 19

what is soil composition

Answer 19

soil composition is the basic components of soil which includes minerals, organic matter, water and air

Question 20

what is a soil profile

Answer 20

soil profile is a vertical cut or cross section through the soil which shows the different horizons

Question 21

what is soil texture

Answer 21

the fineness or coarsness of a soil

Question 22

sandy soil

Answer 22

consists of small particles of weathered rocks

Question 23

silty soil

Answer 23

is known to have much smaller particles than sand and is made up of rocks and other mineral particles

Question 24

clay soil

Answer 24

is the smallest particle among the other two types of soil

Question 25

loamy soil

Answer 25

is a combination of sand,silt and clay so that the beneficial properties of each are included

Question 26

blocky

Answer 26

irregular blocks that are usually 1.5-5.0cm in diameter

Question 27

granular

Answer 27

resembles cookie crumbs & is usually less than 5.0 cm in diameter

Question 28

prismatic

Answer 28

vertical columns of soil that might be a number of cm long

Question 29

columnar

Answer 29

vertical columns of soil that have a salt ‘cap’ at the top

Question 30

platy

Answer 30

looks like plates ( flat & thin)

Question 31

single grained

Answer 31

soil is broken into individual particles that do not stick together.

Question 32

feel method

Answer 32

this involves feeling the soil and using the particle size to determine the texture when rubbed between the fingers

Question 33

ribbon/moulding method

Answer 33

a sample is moistened and kneaded and formed into a ribbon

Question 34

sieve method

Answer 34

this involves placing a series of sieve with progressively smaller mesh size on top of each other

Question 35

is sand cohesive?

Answer 35

no

Question 36

is clay cohesive?

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

what is capillarity

Answer 37

is the upward movement of water in the pore spaces in the soil

Question 37

what is surface crusting

Answer 37

is the formation of a crust that appears on the surface of the soil after a heavy shower of rain

Question 38

soil temperature

Answer 38

is important as water logged soils tend to have a cold temperature and well drained soil have a warm temperature

Question 39

soil colour

Answer 39

is important indicator of certain physical and chemical characteristics. it is due to the two factors the humus layer and the nature of iron components present

Question 40

soil pH

Answer 40

pH stands for potential of hydrogen and its a measure of acidity or alkalinity of the soil. under 7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, above 7 is alkaline