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agri Flashcards

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1
Q

what is demand

A

demand refers to the quantity of produce that the consumer is willing to buy at a given time and price

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2
Q

what is the law of demand

A

the lower the price the higher the quantity demanded

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3
Q

factors affecting demand

A

prices
change in taste/fashion
change in season
change in income
change in prices of other commodities
advertisement of products
taxes

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4
Q

what is supply

A

supply refers to the quantity offered for sale at a variety of prices at any particular time

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5
Q

what is the law of supply

A

the higher the price the greater the quantity supplied

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6
Q

factors affecting supply

A

weather
taxation
effects of the weather
change in cost of production
changes of techniques in production
producer consumers more of their own products

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7
Q

what is elasticity

A

elasticity measures how responsive the market forces of supply and demand are in to changes in price

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8
Q

what is an equilibrium point

A

where the demand curve meets the supply curve it forms an equilibrium point

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9
Q

the law of diminishing return

A

if one factor is held fixed but additional units are added to it, eventually the additional output resulting from an increase of one unit of varying factor becomes smaller and smaller

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10
Q

input versus output

A

input refers to the resources that are used during the process of farm production while output refers to the main measure of individual crops and livestock output

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11
Q

five requirements needed to access an agricultural loan

A

budget
collateral
credit history
employment status
project proposal

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12
Q

what is tillage

A

refers to the breaking up of the soil surface and incorporating organic matter

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13
Q

difference between primary and secondary tillage

A

primary tillage is the first breaking of the soil while secondary tillage is the refining of soil

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14
Q

two primary tillage implements

A

disc plough
Moul board plough

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15
Q

two secondary tillage implements

A

disc harrow
rotoration

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16
Q

what is a cell

A

a cell is the basic structure of all living organism

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17
Q

cell membrane

A

surrounds the living material of a cell, controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

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18
Q

cytoplasm

A

contains many small organelles in which metabolic activities take place

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19
Q

nucleus

A

controls the activities of the cell and contains chromosomes that carry genetic info

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20
Q

cell wall

A

supports the living material& gives the cell a rigid shape

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21
Q

vacuole

A

stores water& dissolved substances

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22
Q

chloroplasts

A

organelles in which photosynthesis takes place& food is manufactured

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23
Q

cell division

A

refers to the information of new cells. it occurs when parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells

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24
Q

two types of cell division

A

mitosis and meiosis

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25
Q

what is mitosis

A

mitosis is when a cells divides to create two identical daughter cells

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26
Q

two cells that divide by mitosis

A

skin cells and stomach cells

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27
Q

interphase

A

cells prepare to divide by replicating DNA

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28
Q

prophase

A

chromosomes are thick and condense

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29
Q

metaphase

A

chromosomes align neatly in the center of the cell

30
Q

anaphase

A

sister chromatids are pulled to the opposite poles of the cell by spindles

31
Q

telophase

A

a membrane forms around each set of chromosomes to create two new nuclei

32
Q

cytokinesis

A

the cells split into two identical daughter cells

33
Q

what is genetics

A

genetics is the study of genes and heredity

34
Q

what are genes

A

the basic unit of heredity which are passed on from parents to offspring

35
Q

difference between a dominant trait and a recessive trait

A

dominant trait is always expressed while a recessive trait is mostly hidden

36
Q

homozygous

A

an organism that has the two copies of the same trait eg:”TT”

37
Q

heterozygous

A

an organism that has one copy of two different alleles eg:”Tt”

38
Q

beef cattle jamaica red(cow)

A

was developed in Jamaica, it was created by another breed of cattle called the red poll. the Jamaica red also possess genes from the zebu which are known for the ability to resist heat

39
Q

barbados blackbelly(sheep)

A

developed in Barbados
descended from sheep brought to the island from West Africa

39
Q

animals belonging to this breed (jamaica red)

A

dark medium red in colour
weigh an average of 600kg (cows) & 1000 kg(bulls)
are polled

39
Q

Charolais(cow)

A

originated in west-central to south-eastern France where they were used for draught,milk and meat

39
Q

charolais breed

A

are white
weigh 568-909kg (cow) and 909-1136kg (bulls)
are horned
used for beef production

39
Q

buffalypso(cow)

A

water buffalo that was specially bred in Trinidad& Tobago for meat production

39
Q

buffalypso breed

A

mostly black or brown
have small flat horns that grow backwards, upwards, inwards with slightly pointed tips

40
Q

barbados blackbelly breed

A

coat of medium to thick hair
polled
used for meat production
one of the most fertile sheep breeds in the world

40
Q

blackhead Persian(sheep)

A

developed in South Africa from fat rumped sheep. it found its way to the Caribbean several years ago

40
Q

blackhead Persian breed

A

well adapted to humid tropical climate
black head, feet and neck with white body
are polled
used for meat production

41
Q

west african(sheep)

A

found in the caribbean, venezuela and colombia

42
Q

west african breed

A

reddish brown
used for meat production
not as fertile as blackbelly sheep

43
Q

british alphine(goat)

A

developed in britain

44
Q

british alphine breed

A

are medium to heavy milk producers
best suitable to temperature climates
medium to large
white marking

45
Q

anglo-nubian (goat)

A

named after nubia

46
Q

anglo-nubian breed

A

dual purpose
diary goat breed
variable coat colour including black

47
Q

Saanen(goat)

A

originated in Switzerland

48
Q

saanen breed

A

heavy milk producers
largest of all diary goat breed
medium to large
may or may not have horns at birth

49
Q

toggenburg

A

originated in switzerland has been exported throughout the world

50
Q

toggenburg breed

A

high milk producer
light reddish brown to dark chocolate in colour
performs best in cool condition

51
Q

large white (pig)

A

british breed pig more popular breed

52
Q

large white breed

A

white in colour with pink skins
erect ears
used to help improve other pig breed

53
Q

landrace (pig)

A

comprises many types

54
Q

landrace breed

A

white in colour
long snouts
heavy dropping ears

55
Q

duroc(pig)

A

north american breed

56
Q

duroc breed

A

dropping ears
aggressive
used for meat production

57
Q

hampshire(pig)

A

considered to be an american breed

58
Q

hampshire breed

A

erect ear
mild disposition
excellent meat production

59
Q

tamworth (pigs)

A

british breed, has its origin in ireland

60
Q

tamworth breed

A

range in colour from golden red to dark red
erect pointed ear
used for meat production

61
Q

jersey cattle

A

originated on jersey
have light brown coat
black nose with white muzzle
excellent milk producers
can tolerate heat

62
Q

holstein

A

originated in europe in the netherlands
patterns of black and white or red and white
highest milk production
used for meat production

63
Q

jamaica hope

A

developed in jamaica work on this breed started in 1910
80% jersey
15% zebu
5% holstein
high milk production
brow in colour
tolerate external parasites

Physics (8 decks)

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