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RiPH > Agrarian Reform and Its Policies > Flashcards

Agrarian Reform and Its Policies Flashcards

1
Q

3 mandated topics in this module

A

a) the agrarian reform policies,
b.) the evolution of Philippine Constitution
c.) the history of Taxation

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2
Q

What are the periods in Agrarian Reform and its Policies

A

Pre-Spanish Period
Spanish Period
First PH Republic
American Period
Commonwealth Period
Japanese Occupation
Philippine Republic

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3
Q

The ancient society was composed of barangay which was the unit of government. It is composed of 30 to 100 families mostly related by blood and ruled by the datu. Social classes existed in the ancient society, namely; the nobles (where the datu and his family belong), the freemen of maharlika and dependents.

A

Pre-Spanish period

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4
Q

The dependents is divided into two:

A

aliping namamahay (serfs) and aliping sagigilid (slaves)

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5
Q

Despite of this social structure, everyone had access to the land. The trade was done through barter trade. No currency was used as medium of exchange

A

Pre-Spanish Period

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6
Q

introduced the concept of Encomienda. The
Spainiards subdivided the Philippines into different encomienda to facilitate their
pacification campaign.

A

Spanish Period/Colonization

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7
Q

Each encomienda was led by the ________

A

encomiendero

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8
Q

they have the power to collect taxes from the natives within its jurisdiction. Later, they became abusive to their powers and introduced corrupt practices by not remitting the total collected amount of taxes to the King of Spain.

A

encomiendero

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9
Q

The natives who freely cultivated the land were transformed into a _________ of the land they tilled

A

share tenant

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10
Q

First Philippine Republic
The Malolos Republic was established in ______ by virtue of Malolos Constitution in which Gen. _____________ as President intended to confiscate the large tract of lands especially those owned by the ___________.

A

1899;
Emilio Aguinaldo;
church, the Friar Lands

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11
Q

During this period, several (4) legislations were passed and implemented for agrarian concerned.

A

American Period

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12
Q

What were the 4 legislations implemented during the American Period

A

PLPT
1. Philippine Bill of 1902
2. Land Registration Act of 1902 (Act No. 496)
3. Public Land Act of 1903
4. Tenancy Act of 1933 (Act No. 4053 and 4113)

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13
Q

set the ceilings on the hectarage of private individuals and corporations may acquire: ____ has. for private individuals and ______ has. for corporations

A

Philippine Bill of 1902;
16 and 1,024

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14
Q

provided for a comprehensive registration of land titles under the Torrens system.

A

Land Registration Act of 1902 (Act No. 496)

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15
Q

introduced the homestead system in the Philippines

A

Public Land Act of 1903

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16
Q

regulated relationships between landowners and tenants of rice (50-50 sharing) and sugar cane lands.

A

Tenancy Act of 1933 (Act No. 4054 and 4113)

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17
Q

The _______, which the Americans instituted for the registration of lands, did not solve the problem completely. Either they were not aware of the law or if they did, they could not pay the survey cost and other fees required in applying for a Torrens title

A

Torrens system

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18
Q

During this time, the President was Pres. Manuel L. Quezon

A

Commonwealth Period

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19
Q

The President of the Philippine Commonwealth was President Manuel L. Quezon in which ___________ in Central Luzon was happening. Thus, the____________ was initiated

A

social unrest;
Social Justice Program

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20
Q

What were the 5 legislations acted under the Commonwealth Period?

A

1CNCRC
a. 1935 Constitution
b. Commonwealth Act No. 178
c. National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC)
d. Commonwealth Act No. 461
e. Rural Program Administration
f. Commonwealth Act No. 441

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21
Q

“The promotion of social justice to ensure the well-being and economic security of all people should be the concern of the State”

A

1935 Constitution

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22
Q
  • created on Nov. 13, 1936
  • An Amendment to Rice Tenancy Act No. 4045
  • provided for certain controls in the landlord-tenant relationships.
A

Commonwealth Act No. 178

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23
Q
  • 1936
  • established the price of rice and corn thereby help the poor tenants as well as consumers.
A

National Rice and Corn Corporation (NARIC)

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24
Q
  • 1937
  • specified reasons for the dismissal of tenants and only with the approval of the Tenancy Division of the Department of Justice.
A

Commonwealth Act. No. 461

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25
Q
  • created on March 2, 1939
  • provided the purchase and lease of haciendas and their sale and lease to the tenants.
A

Rural Program Administration

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26
Q
  • enacted on June 3, 1939
  • created the National Settlement Administration with a capital stock of P20,000,000
A

Commonwealth Act No. 441

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27
Q

The bombing of Pearl Harbor happened on _____________. The next day, they proceeded to the Pacific particularly the Philippines and their first offensive attack was in _____________. This marked the __________.

A

December 7, 1941;
Clark Field, Pampanga;
Japanese Occupation

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28
Q

anti-Japanese group, the HUKBALAHAP means

A

Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon

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29
Q

___________ controlled whole areas of Central Luzon; landlords who supported the Japanese ____ their lands to peasants while those who supported the Huks earned _______ in favor of the tenants.

A

HUKBALAHAP;
lost;
fixed rentals

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30
Q

Upon the arrival of the Japanese in the Philippines in 1942, peasants and workers organizations grew strength. Many peasants took up arms and identified themselves with the anti-Japanese group, the __________

A

HUKBALAHAP

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31
Q

The declaration of the Philippine Independence in ______ marked the end of the
Philippine Commonwealth and the start of _________________ also known as the __________ but the problems of land tenure remained even worst in some other areas. Thus, the ___________________ revised the tenancy law.

A

1946;
Philippine Republic;
3rd PH Republic;
Congress of the Philippines

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32
Q

Who were the the 12 Presidents under the Third PH Republic

A
  1. Manuel A. Roxas (1946-1948)
  2. Elpidio R. Quirino (1948-1953)
  3. Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957)
  4. Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)
  5. Diosdado P. Macapagal (1961-1965)
  6. Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr. (1965-1986)
  7. Corazon C. Aquino (1986-1992)
  8. Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998)
  9. Joseph E. Estrada (1998-2000)
  10. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001-2010)
  11. President Benigno Aquino III (2010-2016)
  12. President Rodrigo Roa Duterte (2016-2022)
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33
Q

What were the 2 laws enacted under President Manuel A. Roxas (1946 - 1948)

A

a. Republic Act No. 34
b. Republic Act No. 55

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34
Q

established the 70-30 sharing arrangements and regulating share-tenancy contracts.

A

Republic Act No. 34

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35
Q

provided for a more effective safeguard against arbitrary ejectment of tenants.

A

Republic Act No. 55

36
Q

What was the law enacted by Elpidio R. Quirino (1948-1953)

A

Executive Order No. 355 issued on October 23, 1950

37
Q

The law ________________________ replaced the National Land Settlement Administration with __________________ (LASEDECO) which takes over the responsibilities of the Agricultural Machinery Equipment Corporation and the Rice and Corn Production Administration.

A

Executive Order No. 355
Land Settlement Development Corporation

38
Q

What were the 4 laws enacted by Ramon Magsaysay (1953-1957)

A

a. Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954
b. Republic Act No. 1199 (Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954)
c. Republic Act No. 1400 (Land Reform Act of 1955)
d. Republic Act No. 821

39
Q
  • Abolished the LASEDECO and established the National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA)
  • resettle dissidents and landless farmers
  • was particularly aimed at rebel returnees providing home lots and farmlands in Palawan and Mindanao
A

Republic Act No. 1160 of 1954

40
Q
  • aka Agricultural Tenancy Act of 1954
  • governed the relationship between landowners and tenant farmers by organizing share-tenancy and leasehold system
  • the law provided the security of tenure of tenants
  • also created the Court of Agrarian Relations
A

Republic Act No. 1199

41
Q
  • aka Land Reform Act of 1955
  • Created the Land Tenure Administration (LTA) which was responsible for the acquisition and distribution of large tenanted rice and corn lands over 200 hectares for individuals and 600 hectares for corporations
A

Republic Act No. 1400

42
Q
  • aka Creation of Agricultural Credit Cooperative Financing Administration
  • provided small farmers and share tenants loans with low interest rates of six to eight percent
A

Republic Act No. 821

43
Q

President _________ continued the program of President Ramon Magsaysay.

No new legislation passed.

A

Carlos P. Garcia (1957-1961)

44
Q

Diosdado P. Macapagal (1961-1965) became the president. In 4 years time he enacted only ONE law known as ____________________

A

RA No. 3844 (Agricultural Land Reform Code)

45
Q
  • aka Agricultural Land Reform Code
  • enacted on Aug 8, 1963
  • abolished share tenancy, institutionalized leasehold, set retention limit at 75 hectares, invested rights of preemption and redemption for tenant farmers, provided for an administrative machinery for implementation,
  • institutionalized a judicial system of agrarian cases, incorporated extension, marketing and supervised credit system of services of farmer beneficiaries
A

Republic Act No. 3844

46
Q

was hailed as one that would emancipate Filipino farmers from the bondage of tenancy

A

RA No. 3844

47
Q

_________ is the only president of the Republic of the Philippines who served for 20 years

A

President Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr. (1965-1986)

48
Q

What were the 3 laws enacted by President Ferdinand E. Marcos (1965-1986)

A

a. RA No. 6389 (Code of Agrarian Reform) & RA No. 6390 of 1971
b. Presidential Decree No. 2
c. Presidential Decree No. 27

49
Q
  • created the Department of Agrarian Reform and the Agrarian Reform Special Account
    Fund
  • strengthen the position of farmers and expanded the scope of agrarian reform.
A

Republic Act No. 6389, (Code of Agrarian Reform) and RA No. 6390 of 1971

50
Q
  • Sept, 26, 1972
  • declared the country under land reform program
  • enjoined all agencies and offices of the government to extend full cooperation and assistance to the DAR
  • activated the Agrarian Reform Coordinating Council
A

Presidential Decree No. 2

51
Q
  • October 21, 1972
  • restricted land reform scope to tenanted rice and corn lands and set the retention limit at 7 hectares
A

Presidential Decree No. 27

52
Q

By virtue of People Power, President _________________ (1986-1992) was installed as President of February 25, 1986

A

Corazon C. Aquino

53
Q

The _________________ ratified by the Filipino people during the administration of President Corazon C. Aquino provides under Section 21 under Article II that “The State shall promote comprehensive rural development and agrarian reform.”

A

1987 Constitution

54
Q

On June 10, 1988, former President Corazon C. Aquino signed into law ____________________ or otherwise known as the ____________________. The law became effective on June 15, 1988.

A

Republic Act No. 6657;
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law (CARL)

55
Q

What were the 7 laws enacted by President Corazon C. Aquino

A

a. Executive Order No. 228
b. Executive Order No. 229
c. Proclamation No. 131
d. Executive Order No. 129-A,
e. Republic Act No. 6657
f. Executive Order No. 405
g. Executive Order No. 407

56
Q
  • July 16, 1987
  • declared full ownership to qualified farmer-beneficiaries covered by PD 27
  • It also determined the value remaining unvalued rice and corn lands subject of PD 27 and provided for the manner of payment by the FBs and mode of compensation to landowners
A

Executive Order No. 228

57
Q
  • July 22, 1987
  • provided mechanism for the implementation of the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP)
A

Executive Order No. 229

58
Q
  • July 22, 1987
  • instituted the CARP as a major program of the government.
  • provided for a special fund known as the Agrarian Reform Fun (ARF), with an initial amount of Php50 billion to cover the estimated cost of the program from 1987-1992.
A

Proclamation No. 131

59
Q
  • July 26, 1987
  • streamlined and expanded the power and operations of the DAR.
A

Executive Order No. 129-A, J

60
Q
  • June 10, 1988
  • (Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law)
  • instituted a comprehensive agrarian reform program to promote social justice and industrialization providing the mechanism for its implementation and for other purposes
  • This law took effect on June 15, 1988 is still the one being implemented at
    present
A

Republic Act No. 6657,

61
Q
  • June 14, 1990
  • Vested in the Land Bank of the Philippines the responsibility to determine land valuation and compensation for all lands covered by CARP
A

Executive Order No. 405

62
Q
  • June 14, 1990
  • Accelerated the acquisition and distribution of agricultural lands, pasture lands, fishponds, agro-forestry lands and other lands of the public domain suitable for agriculture
A

Executive Order No. 407

63
Q

President _______________ came face to face with publics who have lost confidence in the agrarian reform program. His administration committed to the vision “Fairer, faster and more meaningful implementation of the Agrarian Reform Program

A

President Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998)

64
Q

What were the 5 laws enacted by President Fidel V. Ramos (1992-1998)

A

a. Republic Act No. 7881,
b. Republic Act No. 7905,
c. Executive Order No. 363
d. Republic Act No. 8435
e. Republic Act 8532

65
Q
  • 1995
  • amended certain provisions of RA 6657 and exempted fishponds and prawns from the coverage of CARP
A

Republic Act No. 7881

66
Q
  • 1995
  • strengthened the implementation of the CARP.
A

Republic Act No. 7905

67
Q
  • 1997
  • limited the type of lands that may be
    converted by setting conditions under which limits the type of lands that may be converted by setting conditions under which specific categories of agricultural land are either absolutely non-negotiable for conversion or highly restricted for conversion.
A

Executive Order No. 363

68
Q
  • 1997
  • (Agriculture and Fisheries Modernization Act
    AFMA)
  • plugged the legal loopholes in land use conversion.
A

Republic Act No. 8435

69
Q
  • 1998
  • (Agrarian Reform Fund Bill)
  • provided an additional Php50 billion for CARP and extended its implementation for another 10 years
A

Republic Act 8532

70
Q

_______________ battle cry “ERAP PARA SA MAHIRAP’ made him very popular during the 1998 presidential election.

A

President Joseph E. Estrada (1998-2000)

71
Q

What 2 laws were enacted by President Joseph E. Estrada (1998-2000)

A

a. Executive Order No. 151 (Farmer’s Trust Fund)
b. Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo or MAGKASAKA

72
Q
  • September 1999
  • (Farmer’s Trust Fund)
  • allowed the voluntary consolidation of small farm operation into medium and large scale integrated enterprise that can access long-term capital.
A

Executive Order No. 151

73
Q

The DAR forged into joint ventures with
private investors into agrarian sector to make FBs competitive

A

Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo or MAGKASAKA.

74
Q

he agrarian reform program under the President _______________ administration is anchored on the vision “To make the countryside economically viable for the Filipino family by building partnership and promoting social equity and new economic opportunities towards lasting peace and sustainable rural development.”

A

President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001-2010)

75
Q

What 5 initiatives were enacted by President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001-2010)

A

a. Land Tenure Improvement
b. Provision of Support Services
c. Infrastructure Projects
d. KALAHI ARZone
e. Agrarian Justice

76
Q

DAR will remain vigorous in implementing land acquisition and distribution component of CARP. The DAR will improve land tenure system through land distribution and leasehold.

A

Land Tenure Improvement

77
Q
  • CARP not only involves the distribution of lands but also included package of support services which includes: credit assistance, extension services, irrigation facilities, roads and bridges, marketing facilities and training and technical support programs
A

Provision of Support Services

78
Q

DAR will transform the agrarian reform communities (ARCs), an area focused and integrated delivery of support services, into rural economic zones that will help in the creation of job opportunities in the countryside.

A

Infrastructure Projects

79
Q

These zones consists of one or more municipalities with concentration of ARC population to achieve greater agro-productivity.

A

KALAHI Agrarian Reform (KAR) Zones

80
Q

To help clear the backlog of agrarian cases, DAR will hire more paralegal officers to support undermanned adjudicatory boards and introduce quota system to compel adjudicators to work faster on agrarian reform cases. DAR will respect the rights of both farmers and landowners

A

Agrarian Justice

81
Q

______________________ vowed during his 2012 State of the Nation Address that he would complete before the end of his term the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP), the centerpiece program of the administration of
his mother

A

President Benigno Aquino III (2010-2016)

82
Q

What were the projects/laws enacted by President Benigno Aquino III (2010-2016)

A

a. Agrarian Reform Community Connectivity and Economic Support Services (ARCCESS)
b. Agrarian Production Credit Program (APCP)
c. The legal case monitoring system (LCMS)
d. Executive Order No. 26 Series of 2011

83
Q

created to contribute to the overall goal of rural poverty reduction especially in agrarian reform areas.

A

Agrarian Reform Community Connectivity and
Economic Support Services (ARCCESS) project

84
Q

provided credit support for crop production to newly organized and existing agrarian reform beneficiaries’ organizations (ARBOs) and farmers’ organizations not qualified to avail themselves of loans under the regular credit windows of banks.

A

Agrarian Production Credit Program (APCP)

85
Q

web-based legal system for recording and monitoring various kinds of agrarian cases at the provincial, regional and central offices of the DAR to ensure faster resolution and close monitoring of agrarian-related cases, was also launched.

A

The legal case monitoring system (LCMS)

86
Q

to mandate the Department of Agriculture-Department of Environment and Natural Resources-Department of Agrarian Reform Convergence Initiative to develop a National Greening Program in cooperation with other government agencies

A

Executive Order No. 26, Series of 2011,

87
Q
A

RiPH (2 decks)

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