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FoPC Yr 2 > Aging Well > Flashcards

Aging Well Flashcards

1
Q

Homeostatic reserve (the ability of an organism to stabilise its normal internal environment) is the same in the elderly as in early and middle adult life. True of false?

A

False

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2
Q

Disease always present in the same way in the elderly as it does in younger adults. True or false?

A

False

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3
Q

Normal ranges e.g. peak flow rate are affected by age. True or false?

A

True

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4
Q

Treatable disease in the elderly is frequency ascribed to ‘normal ageing’. True or false?

A

True

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5
Q

Drug handling alters with age. True or false?

A

True

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6
Q

Define ageism

A

A process of systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people just because they are old (of their age)

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7
Q

Lifestyle changes in old age are not worthwhile as they produce no significant health benefits. True or false?

A

False

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8
Q

In 2000, the proportion of the world’s population over 60yrs was 11%. By 2050, it is expected to be what?

A

22%

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9
Q

In the period 2000 to 2050, the number of people aged 80 and older will increase how many fold?

A

4-fold

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10
Q

By 2050, what percentage of older people will live in low-income and middle-income countries?

A

80%

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11
Q

What are the biggest killers in the world’s poorest countries?

A

Heart disease, stroke and chronic lung disease

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12
Q

By 2050, the number of older people who are no longer able to look after themselves is forecast to increase how many fold?

A

4-fold

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13
Q

Creating ‘age-friendly’ physical and social environments improves the active participation and independence of older people. True or false?

A

True

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14
Q

A 63yo patient who gives up smoking will decrease their risk of premature death by what percentage?

A

50%

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15
Q

In more developed regions, what do the population pyramids show?

A

Increase in proportions of older persons are being accompanied by declines in proportions of young people
Older populations are going to rise

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16
Q

What are other trends found in the more developed world from 1950 and predicted to 2050?

A

There is a transition from high to low levels of fertility
Premature mortality is decreasing
By 2050 the number of older persons in the world will exceed the young for the firs time in history

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17
Q

What are trends that may affect an ageing population apart from premature mortality and fertility?

A

Migration
Health education programmes e.g. AIDs, malaria prevention
Improvements in public health in relation to housing, clean water, nutrition

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18
Q

What is the difference between more developed and less developed regions concerning an older population?

A

In more developed regions there is a greater percentage of older people (60+) than in less developed regions

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19
Q

Compare the pace of an ageing population in developed and developing countries and what are the effects

A

Population ageing is much faster in developing countries than developed countries
Developing countries will have less time to adjust to the sequences of population ageing

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20
Q

What is the fastest growing age-group in the world?

A

80+ age band

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21
Q

What is life expectancy at birth for those born around 2004 in Scotland?

A
  1. 3 - males

79. 4 - females

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22
Q

What is the life expectancy for those born by 2031 in Scotland?

A
  1. 2 - males

83. 7 - females

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23
Q

Between 2004 and 2031 in Scotland, what is the projected change in population for children under 16?

A

Decrease by 15%

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24
Q

Between 2004 and 2031 in Scotland, what is the projected change in population for people age 16-29?

A

Decrease by 12%

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25
Q

Between 2004 and 2031 in Scotland, what is the projected change in population for people aged 30-49?

A

Decrease by 17%

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26
Q

Between 2004 and 2031 in Scotland, what is the projected change in population for people aged 50+?

A

Increase by 28%

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27
Q

Between 2004 and 2031 in Scotland, what is the projected change in population for people aged 65+?

A

Increased by 58%

28
Q

Between 2004 and 2031 in Scotland, what is the projected change in population for people aged 75+?

A

75%

29
Q

Why, in Scotland, is there a predicted rise in the population over 60?

A

Overall mortality rates are expected to improve
Older people are increasingly healthy
More emphasis on preserving health and fitness into old age
Older people with better health habits live healthier for longer

30
Q

How will healthcare have to adapt as there is an ageing population?

A

Increased number of geriatricians and health professionals involved in care of the elderly
Increased facilities for elderly health care will be required
Care of many long-term conditions moving from secondary care to primary/community care
Specific health promotion campaigns aimed at the elderly

31
Q

How will social care have to adapt as there is an ageing population?

A

Increasing dependence on families and/or carers who are also ageing
Demand for home carers and nursing home places will increase
Increasing emphasis on providing social activities for the elderly in the community
Role of the elderly as grandparents and carers of grandchildren may chance
Housing demands likely to change as more elderly people live alone

32
Q

How will economics be affected as there is an ageing population?

A

Retirement/pension age is already increasing
Finding employment may become harder for young people as older people being required to work for longer
Proportionately less people paying into tax and pension funds, making it increasingly difficult to obtain an adequate return from pension funds
Elderly who have no private pension fund may find state pension is inadequate, resulting in poverty
Increasing cost of ‘free personal care for the elderly’ policy

33
Q

How will politics be affected as there is an ageing population?

A

Current decision making and workforce planning must take account of the ageing population
Increasing elderly population will potentially have power to influence political decision in relation to their specific concerns

34
Q

What is an example of a confounding factor for evidence of life expectancy starting to slow in the UK?

A

Austerity changes

35
Q

What are the leading causes of death for women in England?

A

Dementia and Alzheimer’s

36
Q

What is the leading cause of death for men in England?

A

Heart disease

37
Q

What does the Public Health (England) Report 2017 say that the healthy life expectancy is?

A
  1. 4 - males

64. 1 - females

38
Q

What is a healthy life expectancy?

A

Number of years lived in self-assessed good health

39
Q

What did it mean that life expectancy had increased by more years than healthy life expectancy?

A

Number of years lived in poor health had also increased slightly

40
Q

What is a third sector organism which may help older patients live healthier and better quality lives?

A

Age Concern

41
Q

What slowed the rise in local authority spending on social care?

A

Financial crash of 2008

42
Q

How many carers are in the UK at the moment?

A

6.5 million

43
Q

How many carers will there be in the UK by 2037?

A

9 million

44
Q

How many people will be carers at some point in their lives?

A

3 in 5 people

45
Q

What percentage of carers are in receipt of Disability Living Allowance as a result of their own disability or ill health?

A

27%

46
Q

What duties do carers help patients with?

A

Preparing meals, doing laundry or shopping
Keep an eye on the person they care for
Keep them company
Take the person care for out
Help the person they care for with financial matters
Help the person they care for deal with care services and benefits
Help with aspects of personal care

47
Q

What people do carers look after?

A

Parents, parents-in-law, spouse or partner, disabled children, adult children, grandparents, another relative, friends, neighbours

48
Q

What are the consequences personally for carers?

A

A drop in household income as a result of caring
Cutting back on essentials like food and heating
Financial circumstances affecting their health
Missing out on financial support as a result of not getting the right information and advice
Bad health
Social impact with friends and family
Society not caring about them

49
Q

What is multi morbidity?

A

The co-existance of two or more long-term conditions in an individual

50
Q

What is the complexity in terms of treatment of an older patient?

A

Older patients may have more than one chronic health condition
The preferred treatment for one condition may worsen another

51
Q

What are secondary preventative medicines for chest pain?

A

Antiplatelets
Statins
Antihypertensive

52
Q

What drug classes have been shown to increase survival in heart failure?

A

ACEi

Beta blocker

53
Q

What medicine might be started to help shortness of breath?

A

Spironolactone

54
Q

What could stopping a calcium channel blocker result in?

A

Worsening hypertension

Increased exertional chest pain

55
Q

What could stopping a beta blocker result in?

A

Worsening heart failure over long term, increased exertional chert pain

56
Q

What help might an older patient with co-morbities receive?

A

Phsyiotherapy - improve mobility
OT - daily living tasks
Nursing - self-care
Psychiatry - if dementia

57
Q

What are the options for care for older people?

A

Living in own home with support from family
Living in own home with support from social services
Sheltered housing
Residential home
Nursing home care
Specialist e.g. dementia unit
Admission to hospital

58
Q

What may influence what type of care a patient gets?

A

Patient has strong preferences
Patient may have have local supportive family/may have moved away
Support family willing to provide
Amount of care social work can provide

59
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of nursing homes?

A

Pro - resident nurses on site

Con - expensive

60
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of residential homes?

A

Pro - 24hr support

Con - no medical cover on site

61
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of sheltered housing?

A

Pro - living independently, other nearby if needed

Con - can prove short lived if care needs exceed care that can be provided there

62
Q

What are anticipatory care plans?

A

Advance and anticipatory care planning, as a philosophy, promotes discussion in which individuals, their care providers and often those close to them, make decisions with respect to their future health or personal and practical aspects of care

63
Q

When should ACPs be done?

A

At any time in life that seems appropriate

64
Q

Who should do an ACP?

A

Anyone with an appropriate relationship

65
Q

How should an ACP be done?

A

Thinking ahead and making plans

66
Q

How can ACPs be shared?

A

KIS (Key Information Summary)

67
Q

What are the aspects of an ACP?

A

Legal:
Welfare power of attorney
Financial power of attorney
Guardianship

Personal:
Statement of wishes regarding treatment/advanced directive
Next of kin
Consent to pass on information to relevant others
Perferences and priorities regarding treatment
Who else to consult/inform
Preferred place of death
Religious and cultural beliefs e.g. death
Current level of support

Medical:
Potential problems
Home care package
Wishes e.g. DNR, CPR
Scottish Palliative Care Guidelines
Details of 'just-in-case' medicines
Assessment of capacity/competence
Current aids and appliances

FoPC Yr 2 (4 decks)

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