Aging

Question 1

METABOLISM
___% reduction in elderly versus young

_____ in body heat production coupled with impairment of thermoregulatory _____

delayed drug clearing due to reductions in _____ and ______ elimination

Answer 1

10-15% reduction in elderly

decrease in body heat coupled with impairment of thermoregulatory VASOCONSTRICTION

delayed drug clearing due to reductions in RENAL and HEPATIC elimination

Question 2

MECHANICS OF BREATHING

_____ of the thorax

calcification of the ________ (decreased ______ ______)

decreased space between the spinal vertebrae and a greater degree of spinal curvature

Answer 2

ROUNDING of the thorax

calcification of the COSTAL CARTILAGES (decreased THORACIC COMPLIANCE)

Question 3

MECHANICS OF BREATHING

progressive ____ of the respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts

loss of functional alveolar ____ and _______
(___% reduction by the age of 70y)

decreased respiratory muscle strength and endurance

Answer 3

progressive ENLARGEMENT

loss of functional alveolar SURFACE AREA AND SURFACE TENSION
15% reduction

Question 4

GAS EXCHANGE

gas exchange declines at ____/yr

________ ratios are adversely affected by increasing age

Answer 4

0.5%/year

ventilation-perfusion

Question 5

CONTROL OF BREATHING

markedly diminished response for vocal cord closure thus increasing the risk of ______

Answer 5

inspiration/aspiration

Question 6

HEART

linear loss of myocardial cells, remaining myocardial cells ____

increase in _______

Answer 6

hypertrophy

fibrous connective tissue matrix

Question 7

HEART

____ is relatively preserved

velocity of ______ decreases but the duration of _____ is prolonged

Answer 7

systolic function

myocardial shortening; contraction

Question 8

HEART

What coupling leads to increased venous filling pressures?

Answer 8

delayed diastolic relaxation and increased myocardial stiffness

Question 9

HEART

Changes in the systemic arterial wall occur predominantly in what layer?

Answer 9

medial layer

Question 10

T/F Resting cardiac output, stroke volume, and peak aortic flow decrease with age.

Answer 10

false; may change little with age

Question 11

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

What causes food to move slower through the digestive tract?

Answer 11

decrease in digestive enzymes and the beginning of atrophy of glands in the stomach

Question 12

THEORIES OF AGING

metabolic damage (2)

Answer 12

free-radicals, glycation