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Aging > AGing > Flashcards

AGing Flashcards

1
Q

positive attitude toward self, accurate perception of reality mastery of the environment, autonomy, personal balance, growth + self actualization

A

Mental Health

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2
Q

Multidimensional approach) Biological forces, health problems increase with age + provide clues about psychological difficulties; Psychological forces, normative changes can mimic mental disorders, nature of personal relationships; Sociocultural forces, cultural differences must be taken into account; Life-cycle forces, influence of one’s past experience

A

psychopathology

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3
Q

Looking at behaviors, not in global sense, but through considering what else is happening in an individual’s life and if behaviors fit what is happening / specific circumstances

A

Differentiating mental health and psychopathology:

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4
Q

What are the key dimensions used for categorizing psychopathology?

A

Biological forces, psychological forces, sociocultural forces, life-cycle forces

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5
Q

Why are ethnicity and aging important variables to consider in understanding mental health

A

Social disparities may result in different prevalence of mental disorders, inadequate access to healthcare, contextual differences in ethnic communities (ex: degree of comfort revealing information about self to strangers)

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6
Q

Consider cultural norms

A

certain groups look down on receiving mental health treatment.
Ex: In Korea, higher depression in women, higher suicide in men

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7
Q

How does the Multidimensional Life-Span Approach to Psychopathology help in the interpretation of adults’ behaviors?

A

This approach helps in the interpretation of adults’ behaviors as it is multi-dimensional, thus taking several different forces into account while analyzing adult behavior.

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8
Q

biological forces

A

may give insight on disorders such as dementia which often has a specific genetic basis, thus improving the diagnosis

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9
Q

Psychological forces

A

force us to consider the life tasks of younger and older people, younger people increase social groups and gain more connections whereas older people begin to lose connections, thus the nature of personal relationships may mimic psychopathology

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10
Q

Sociocultural

A

forces take into account cultural differences which influence interpretations of our own and other’s behaviors; For example, a highly paranoid older person may just have fallen victim to scams thus warranting their degree of paranoia or suspicion toward strangers or the internet, to avoid exploitation

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11
Q

life-cycle forces

A

take a look at a person’s experiences and how those experiences influence their current behavior.

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12
Q

What key areas are included in the multidimensional approach to assessment?

A

Physical health, cognitive functioning, psychological functioning, daily living skills, social and environmental resources

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13
Q

What factors influence the assessment of adults?

A

Negative and positive biases and nonoptimal environment

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14
Q

How are mental health issues assessed

A

Clinical interview:
Report by others: .
Psychophysiological assessments:
Performance based assessment:

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15
Q

Delirium

A

confused thinking and reduced awareness of one’s environment. Difficulties with attention, memory, orientation, and rambling speech. May also affect perception, sleep-wake cycle, personality, and mood.

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16
Q

. Delirium

A

rapid onset, can vary greatly over a day, is more severe in adults, and may go undetected.

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17
Q

Delirium

A

May be caused by a number of factors such as mental conditions, dehydration, substance intoxication, sleep deprivation, fever, etc.

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18
Q

Delirium

A

Older adults take more medications than any other age group, which can often cause

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19
Q

How is delirium assessed

A

through the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), which assesses the four features

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20
Q

four features of delirium

A
  1. Acute onset + fluctuation
  2. Inattention
  3. Disorganized thinking
  4. Altered level of consciousness
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21
Q

dementia

A

general term for loss of memory and other cognitive abilities severe enough to interfere with daily life; Characterized by cognitive and behavioral deficits involving some form of permanent brain damage

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22
Q

Dementia

A

not caused by a rapid onset of a toxic substance or by acute infection.

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23
Q

What are the major symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease

A

gradual changes in cognitive function, declines in personal hygiene and self-care skills, inappropriate social behavior, changes in personality, and sundowning

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24
Q

Factor linked to Alzheimer’s

A

Neurological changes: rapid cell death, neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques
Changes in blood flow in the brain

25
Q

Factor linked to Alzheimer’s

A

Impairment in the brain’s ability to use glucose

26
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

leads to nerve cell death and tissue loss throughout the brain. Over time, brain shrinks dramatically which affects nearly all functions.

27
Q

What intervention options are there

A

Memory improvement drugs
Effective behavioral strategies:

28
Q

What role to friends play across adulthood?

A

Friendships determine how one enjoys their life.
In later life, the quality and purpose of friendship has more meaning. Having good friends could help buffer against the common losses experienced in later life.

29
Q

What role to friends play across adulthood?

A

Friends help each other foster independence, especially when it comes to concerns of burdening one’s family.

30
Q

Social Baseline Theory:

A

Integrates the study of social relationships with principles of attachment, behavioral ecology, cognitive neuroscience, and perception science.

31
Q

Social Selectivity Theory

A

As people grow older and their time starts to be perceived as limited, their motivational orientation begins to change.

32
Q

Social contact is motivated by a variety of person-focused goals

A
  • Seek emotion and meaning.
  • Self-concept.
  • Positivity preference in attention + memory;
    Perceptions of time
33
Q

Acquaintance

A

: identifying mutual interests
- Begins after identifying a new personality in a crowd or group either accidentally or by chance.

34
Q

Buildup

A

: determining compatibility
- The relationship becomes intense: interdependence, sharing of passions, values, beliefs, etc., and caring for each other.

35
Q

Continuation

A

: making a show of commitment
- Requires mutual commitment and trust.

36
Q

Deterioration

A

: breakdown in communication
- May not occur.
- Happens under various circumstances due to varied reasons: relative effort, rewards, barriers to exiting, availability of alternatives.

37
Q

What characterizes love relationships

A

Passion, intimacy, and commitment

38
Q

Passion

A

intense physiological desire to be with someone

39
Q

Intimacy

A

feel free to share thoughts, actions, feeling of connectedness

40
Q

Commitment:

A

willingness to maintain relationships in good times and bad
Friendship turns to romantic love through a predictable progression:

41
Q

dismissive attachment higher in

A

North America

42
Q

preoccupied attachment higher in

A

East Asian cultures

43
Q

abusive relationships

A

when one person becomes aggressive toward the partner.

44
Q

Women, men and LGBTQ members

A

have higher rates of violence from intimate partners whereas have lower rates

45
Q

Types of elder abuse

A

physical, sexual, emotional, or psychological, financial, or material, abandonment neglect, healthcare fraud and abuse.

46
Q

Why do people cohabit? (1)

A
  1. Part time or limited cohabitation: usually based on convenience, sharing expenses, and sexual accessibility.
47
Q

Why do people cohabit? (2)

A
  1. Premarital cohabitation: engaging in a trial marriage, if the relationship ends the couple separates (younger couples
48
Q

Why do people cohabit? (3)

A
  1. Substitute marriage: a long-term commitment between two people without legal marriage (older couples)
49
Q

Gay men

A

tend to separate love and sex and have more short-term relationships.

50
Q
  • Lesbian and heterosexual women
A

more likely to connect sex and emotional intimacy in fewer, longer lasting relationships

51
Q

Marriage in early years:

A
  • Adjustment, settle in routines, birth of child; decline in marital satisfaction.
52
Q

Marriage at midlife:

A
  • Children leave home; marital satisfaction improves.
  • For some, low satisfaction remains = married singles
53
Q

Marriage in later years:

A
  • Marital conflict may reduce.
  • Greater potential for pleasure.
  • Benefits.
54
Q

Marital satisfaction

A

highest at the beginning of the marriage, falls until children leave home, then rises in later life

55
Q

Early divorce

A

negative emotions displayed.

56
Q

Later divorce

A

lack of positive emotions displayed

57
Q

parent

A

Deciding to become a is complicated, and finances are of great concern.

58
Q
A

Aging (1 decks)

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