aggression and types of aggression Flashcards
what is aggression?
a disturbing form of anti-social behaviour; Baron and Richardson (1994)
‘Anti-social acts such as those that show a lack of feeling and concern for the welfare of
others
any behaviour that goes against social norms
what did Baron and Richardson define aggression as?
any form of behaviour directed towards the goal of harming or injuring another living being who is motivated to avoid such treatment
what did Aronson et al define aggression as (1997)?
aggressive action is behaviour aimed at causing either physical or psychological pain
what is hostile aggression
this involves hurting people on purpose. Usually emotionally-driven and is a response, rather than premeditated e.g. sibling breaks something or partner is unfaithful
what is instrumental aggression
form of aggression in which intentionally acts in an aggressive manner in order to achieve a particular goal. Harm is a secondary outcome. Not driven by emotion like hostile aggression, but by the need to achieve a particular goal e.g. sabotaging a competitors chances in a race/mugging someone
what is pro-social aggression
form of aggression called upon to prevent or halt a social wrong e.g. police tackling a criminal to prevent illegal activity
what is sanctioned aggression
socially acceptable aggression, acts can be justified or desirable. This form is culturally dependent e.g. boxing/rugby, death penalty
what is proactive vs reactive aggression?
proactive - “cold-blooded”, premeditated
reactive - “hot-blooded”, angry and impulsive aggression accompanied by physiological arousal
what are examples of aggression research?
punching inflatable doll - Bandura et al 1961
pencil and paper ratings by teachers and classmates of child’s levels of aggressiveness
written self-report by institutionalised teenagers about prior aggressive behaviour (Leyens et al 1975)
