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CSC325 Artificial Intelligence > Agents > Flashcards

Agents Flashcards

1
Q

What is a rational agent?

A

An entity that exits and perceives its environment and acts according to some rules to achieve its goals.

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2
Q

What is an agent?

A
  • Exists in an environment
  • Perceives the environment
  • Makes actions if a set of conditions are met
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3
Q

What is a caveat?

A

Computational limitations preventing us from designing perfect programs.

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4
Q

What action does a rational agent chose?

A

Whichever action maximises the expected value of the performance measure given the percept sequence

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5
Q

How much does Pear love me?

A

A LOT!!!!

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6
Q

What might a a Percept not supply?

A

All relevant information

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7
Q

Why are rational agents not omniscient?

A

Percept may not supply all relevant information.

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8
Q

Why are rational agents not clairvoyant?

A

Action outcomes may not be as expected or produce the intended result.

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9
Q

Why are rational agents not always successful?

A
  • Percept may not supply all the relevant information
  • Action outcomes many not be as expected or produce the intended result
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10
Q

What is the proposed definition of rationality a combination of?

A
  • Information gathering
  • Learning from precepts
  • Agent autonomy
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11
Q

What is agent autonomy?

A

Compensating/fix errors for incorrect prior knowledge.

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12
Q

What does PEAS stand for when designing rational agents?

A
  • Performance Measure
  • Environment(s)
  • Actuators
  • Sensors
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13
Q

What are actuators?

A

Triggered actions as a result of an input.

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14
Q

What is a full observable environments?

A

An environment in which sensors can detect all aspects that are relevant to the choice of action.

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15
Q

What are the types of environments?

A
  • Simplest environment
  • Real situations (realistic)
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16
Q

What are simplest environments?

A
  • Fully observable
  • Deterministic
  • Episodic
  • Static
  • Discrete
  • Single-agent
17
Q

What are real situation (realistic environments)?

A
  • Partially observable
  • Stochastics (random)
  • Sequential
  • Dynamic
  • Continuous
  • Multi-agent
18
Q

What are the different types of agents?

A
  • Reflex agents
  • Reflex with state agent
  • Goal-based agent
  • Utility-based agent
19
Q

What is the skeleton of an agent?

A

Input - current precepts
Output - action
Program - manipulating the input to create the output.

20
Q

What are simple reflex agents?

A

Agent that selects actions based on the current precept. Implemented through condition-action rules (if-then).

21
Q

What is the disadvantage of simple reflex agents?

A

There’s a large reduction in possible percept/actions situations.

22
Q

What is reflex agents with state?

A

Agents that maintain an internal state. Over time updates state using world knowledge of how the world changes and how actions affect the world.

23
Q

What type of environments do reflex agents with state aim to tackle?

A

Partially observable environments.

24
Q

What are goal-based agents?

A

Agents that pick actions that will best fulfil a goal (provided by humans). Future effect is taken into account.

25
Q

What is the disadvantage of goal-based agents?

A

Challenging to implement when long sequences of actions are required to find the goal.

26
Q

What is the difference between goal-based agents and reflex agents (with/without state)?

A

Goal-based pick actions according to a goal whereas reflex actions pick actions according to a set of rules.

27
Q

What are utility-based agents?

A

Utility-based agents select actions based on the goal as well as their utility.

28
Q

How does utility-based agents compare to goal-based agents?

A

Utility-based agents improves on goals be comparing multiple goals and determining which one has the greater likelihood of success, whereas goal-based focuses on fulfilling a goal regardless of its consequences.

29
Q

What are episodic environments?

A

Environments that follows a certain pattern each time.

30
Q

What does it mean by static environments?

A

Environments in which the elements or actions within will not change.

31
Q

What does it mean that a environment is discrete?

A

The environment state, actions, and or time are discrete or distinct.

32
Q

What are single-agent environments?

A

An environment that involves only one autonomous agent interacting with its surroundings.

33
Q

What is a multi-agent environment?

A

An environment that involves multiple autonomous agents interacting with each other and the environment.

34
Q

What does the B in BDI stand for and mean?

A

Beliefs: the agent’s information on its environment

35
Q

How do Dynamic and BDI agents work?

A

The agent operates a reasoning cycle involving:
- Perception
- Goal selection
- Rule selection
- Execution

36
Q

What are dynamic agents?

A

Agents that adapt to change in the environment.

37
Q

What are some examples of performance measures?

A
  • Safety
  • Destination
  • Profits
  • Legality

CSC325 Artificial Intelligence (8 decks)

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