Ageing well Flashcards
Homeostatic reserve (the ability of an organism to stabilise its normal internal environment) is the same in the elderly as in early and middle adult life
FALSE
Disease always presents in the same way in the elderly as it does in younger adults
FALSE
Normal ranges e.g. peak flow rate, are affected by age
TRUE
Drug handling alters with age
TRUE
Treatable disease in the elderly is frequent ascribed to “normal ageing”
TRUE
Define Ageism
A process of systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people just because they are old.
Lifestyle changes in old age are not worthwhile as they produce no significant health benefit
FALSE
In 2000, the proportion of the world’s population over 60years was 11%. By 2050, it is expected to be:
22%
In the period 2000 to 2050, the number of people aged 80 and older will increase:
4-fold
By 2050 what % of older people will live in low-income and middle-income countries
80%
In the worlds poorest countries
Heart disease, stroke, chronic lung disease
Older people in low-income and middle-income countries carry a greater disease burden than those in the right world
True
By 2050, the number of older people who are no longer able to look after themselves is forecast to increase:
4-fold
Worldwide, most training for health professionals includes includes instruction about specific care for older people:
FALSE
Creating “age-friendly” physical and social environments does not improve the active participation and independence of older people
FALSE
A 63 year old patient who gives up smoking will decrease their risk of premature death by:
50%
More developed regions
UK USA Canada Australia Japan
Less developed regions
Iraq Thailand Jamaica Ukraine
Least developed countries
Nigeria Malawi Sudan Vietnam Pakistan
Describe the population pyramid
Increases the proportion of older persons (>60 years) are being accompanied by declines in the proportions of the young (<15 years)
Life expectancy at birth in Scotland
- 3 for male
79. 4 for female for those born around 2004
Implications of rising age population on health services
Increased numbers of of geriatricians and health professionals
Increased facilities for elderly health care
(The care of LTC moving from secondary to primary/community care)
Impact of increasing age population on social services
- As population increases, they will be increasingly dependent on families and/or carers who are also ageing
- The demand for home carers and nursing home places is likely to increase
- Within local communities, there will be increasing emphasis on providing social activities for the elderly
- Housing demands are likely to change as more elderly people live alone
The economic implications of an ageing population
Retirement/Pension age is already increasing.
Finding employment may become harder for young people, as older people being required to work for longer blocks the “top end” of the employment sector.
Proportionately less people will be paying into tax and pension funds, making it increasingly difficult to obtain an adequate return from pension funds.
Those elderly who have not contributed to a private pension fund may find that the state pension is inadequate, resulting in poverty.
Increasing cost of “free personal care for the elderly” policy (Scotland)
Political implication of ageing population
Current decision making and workforce planning must take account of the ageing population.
The increasing elderly population will potentially have the power to influence political decision making in relation to their specific concerns.
Dementia and Alzheimers disease are the leading cause of death for women in England
TRUE
Heart Disease is the leading cause of death for men in England
TRUE
2016 life expectancy
- 5 for males
83. 1 years for females
Number of years lived in poor health has increased . What are the statistics in 2013 to 2015
- 1 years for males
19. 0 years for females
Examples of Third Sector Organisations helping patients live healthier and better life quality
Age Concern
How many people in the UK are carers
6.5 million people
How many carers will there be in 2037
9 million
How many adults become carers every year
2.1 million
3 in 5 people will be carers at some point in their lives: true or false
TRUE
1.4 million people provide over 50 hours of unpaid care per week: true or false
TRUE
What is the worth of care that goes unpaid
£119 billion per year
What % of carers have a disability of their own
27%
What is the main relationship between carers and people in care
Children looking after parents (40%)
What is the second main relationship between carers and people being cared for
(26%) care for their spouse or partner
What %of carers are caring for disabled children under 18
8% (5% look after adult children)
What % of carers are caring for grandparents
4%
What % of carers care for a friend or neighbour
9%
What % of carers care for just 1 person
83%
What % of carers care for two people
14%
What % of carers care for at least 3 people
3%
Half of working age carers live in a household where no-one is in paid work: true or false
TRUE
The financial impact of caring
Almost 1 in 3 (30%) carers had seen a drop of £20,000 or more a year in their household income as a result of caring.
A third of carers had cut back on essentials like food and heating (32%)
45% of carers said their financial circumstances were affecting their health.
42% of carers have missed out on financial support as a result of not getting the right information and advice.
Impact of caring on health and society
45% of carers said their financial circumstances were affecting their health.
Carers providing round the clock care are more than twice as likely to be in bad health than non-carers.
61% of carers said that they were worried about the impact of caring on their relationships with friends and family.
In 2014, half of carers (49%) said they feel society does not think about them at all
Define Multimorbidity
The co-existence of two or more long -term conditions in an individual
It is the norm in primary care patients
Inhaled corticosteroid is used to treat what disease?
COPD
ACE inhibitor is used to treat what disease
Heart Failure
Beta blocker is used to treat what
Heart failure
Cholinesterase inhibitor is used treat what
Dementia
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication is used to treat what
Trochanteric bursitis
Complication of multi morbidity
The preferred treatment for one condition may worsen another
What must be considered when treating Oedema/SOB
Renal Impairment
Diuretics can cause…
Renal Impairment
Stopping nephrotoxins can cause…
Oedema/SOB
Options for care post hospital of a 73 yo with low mobility, dementia, worsening medical problems
- Living in own home with support from family
- Living in own home with support from social services
- Sheltered Housing
- Residential Home
- Nursing Home Care
What are anticipatory care plans?
“Advance an anticipatory care planning, as a philosophy, promote discussion in which individuals, their care providers and often those close to them, make decisions with respect to the future health or personal and practical aspects of care.
ACP- When should it be done?
At any appropriate time in life
Continuously
ACP-Who should do it?
Anyone with an appropriate relationship
ACP-How should it be done?
Thinking ahead and planning
Carefully- written down
ACP-How can it be shared?
KIS (Key Information Summary)
Other communication
ACP-Legal
Welfare power of attorney
Financial power of attorney
Guardianship
ACP- Personal
Statement of wishes regarding treatment/advance directive
Next of kin
Consent to pass on information to relevant others
Preferences and priorities regarding treatment
Who else to consult/inform
Preferred place of death
Religious and cultural beliefs re death
Current level of support e.g. family/carers
ACP- Medical
Potential problems Home care package Wishes re DNA CPR Scottish Palliative Care Guidelines Communication which has occurred with other professionals Details of “just-in-case” medicines Electronic care summary Assessment of capacity/competence Current aids and appliances (helps assess current functional level)
