Ageing process

Question 1

What is ageing

Answer 1

progressive, generalised impairment of function resulting in a reduction of the body’s adaptive response to disease

Question 2

What are some causes of ageing

Answer 2

Random molecular damage during cell replication
Poor diet, inactivity, inflammation
Loss of resilience (ability to adapt to disease)

Question 3

Where are telomeres found

Answer 3

The ends of chromosomes

Question 4

What is the Hayflick limit

Answer 4

The number of times a cell can divide before it stops cell division altogether

Question 5

What are the cellular responses to damage

Answer 5

Repair
Apoptosis
Senescence
Malignant transformation

Question 6

Describe frailty

Answer 6

Loss of homeostatic balance and resilience

Question 7

What are the 2 methods of measuring frailty

Answer 7

Phenotypic

Deficit accumulation

Question 8

How is frailty measured phenotypically

Answer 8

1 point for each: 
unintentional weight loss 
self reported exhaustion 
low grip strength 
low physical activity 
slow walking speed 
>3 = frailty

Question 9

How is frailty measured by deficit accumulation

Answer 9

take a large number of body systems and count how many of those systems have a deficit
Calculate deficits/systems
value between 0-1
closer to 1 is more frail

Question 10

Positive lifestyle factors that increase survival in old age

Answer 10

Balanced diet
Not smoking
physical activity
friends