Ageing Demographics

Question 1

Mean life expectancy is increasing by __ years per decade

Answer 1

2.5

Question 2

What two countries have highest life expectancy globally?

Answer 2

Hong Kong then Japan

Question 3

Why is life expectancy increasing?

Answer 3

decreased child mortality and decreased middle age mortality

Question 4

Population structure changes in high income countries?

Answer 4

Used to be pyramid shape with high birth rate & skinny over age of 65 whereas now wider on top

Question 5

Percentage of people aged over 50 is increasing in lower and middle income countries also. True/false?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What are two biggest causes of disability in both low, middle and high income countries?

Answer 6

CVD,

cancer

Question 7

What is ageing?

Answer 7

Progressive, generalised impairment of function resulting in a loss of adaptive response to disease

Question 8

3 factors of human ageing i.e. what happens during human ageing?

Answer 8

random molecular damage during cell replication,
inactivity, poor diet and inflammation increase damage,
reduction in body’s adaptive reserve capacity

Question 9

List 4 ageing hypotheses

Answer 9

DNA damage,
free radical accumulation theory of ageing,
telomeres shorten over time,
cross-linking theories that tissues lose elasticity

Question 10

What is Hayflick limit?

Answer 10

No. of times a cell can divide before cell division ceases

Question 11

What is disposable soma hypothesis?

Answer 11

Theory that after reproduction age cell repair not important so cell repair not as good

Question 12

What is frailty?

Answer 12

Loss of homeostasis and resilience

Question 13

Frailty leads to higher risk of what?

Answer 13

falls,
delirium,
disability

Question 14

What is multi morbidity?

Answer 14

Having more than 1 chronic condition

Question 15

What percentage of older people have > 3 chronic conditions?

Answer 15

> 50%

Question 16

Physical activity in older age is protective against ?

Answer 16

heart disease,
diabetes, 
some cancers, 
mild depression, 
dementia & alzheimers

Question 17

Frailty and multi morbidity go hand in hand. T/F?

Answer 17

False