Ageing and Musculoskeletal Disorders Flashcards
what are some age related Changs in musculoskeletal health
cartilage thinning and less resilient
joint stiffness with ligaments and tendons becoming rigid and more brittle.
reduced range of motion
loss of bone density
sarcopenia
motor unit remodelling
explain inflammatory arthritis
synovitis occurs with the thinkening and inflammation of the synovial membrane. alongside the erosion of bone and cartilage. with extensive loss of cartilage leaving exposed bones and pannus. joint then becomes invaded by fibrous connective tissue and the bones become fused. (fibrous ankylosis - bony ankylosis)
macrophages role in inflammatory arthritis
they are pro-inflammatory producing cytokines, contributing to joint destruction
while also allowing cytokines to interact with peripheral nociceptors. leading to increased pain and pain sensitivity.
inflammatory arthritis treatment
steroids or DMARDS (new treatment targeting inflammatory cytokines)
prevalence and general onset
400,000 and around 40-50
inflammatory arthritis comorbidities
cachexia
depression
what causes osteoarthritis
ageing obesity trauma excessive loading imbalance of cartilage homeostasis
osteoarthritis treatment
TENS
steroid injections
complications of osteoarthritis
gout and chonedrocalcinosis
how many types of osteoporosis are there
3
what are the three types of osteoporosis
primary osteoporosis divides into type 1 an type 2 osteoporosis
1 - postmenopausal
2 - age related
and secondary osteoporosis giving type 3
3 - disease predisposing to bone loss
examples of what causes the 3 types of osteoporosis
1 - E2 deficiency
2 - generic ageing and poor bone formation
3 - diet, immunocompromised and malabsorption
what are the comorbidities with osteoporosis
incidence of hip fracture - gives one year mortality
what are the osteoporosis treatments
calcium and vitamin D, Exercise, bisphosphonates
