Age Of Exploration (summer Exam Questions) Flashcards
What were two of the impacts of colonisation on the New World you have studied
Two of the impacts of colonisation on the New World were
1. The indigenous population was decimated
2. The massive growth in slave trade
What were the two impacts of colonisation on Europe you have studied
The two impacts of colonisation on Europe were:
1 So many countries were scrambling for territory
2 The ‘Columbian exchange changed both continents forever.
Explain how the indigenous population was decimated
In 1510 the indigenous population of South America was roughly 25 million.
By 1605, this had fallen to about 3 million.
Violence and mistreatment were partly to blame - but the main cause was disease. Cocoliztli was one of the diseases. Its symptoms were high fevers and bleeding. Other epidemic diseases such as smallpox, measles and influenza were introduced to the New World by Europeans, who had built up resistance to them.
Almost 90% of the indigenous population died as a result.
Explain the massive growth in slave trade
As Catholics could not be taken as slaves, and they needed to replace the indigenous workforce as they died off due to disease, millions of Africans were transported across the Atlantic and the Slavery triangle developed. The slaves toiled on the sugar, tobacco, coffee and cotton plantations and in the gold and silver mines.
What was the slavery triangle
a trade triangle whereby ships delivered African slaves to the Americas, American goods to Europe, and European-manfactured goods back to Africa.
Explain what happened when so many countries were scrambling for territory
-Spain and Portugal nearly went to war over South America and the Pope pressured them to sign the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494
-Other conflicts included: Britain and Spain (1585-1604); France and Spain (1595-1598); and Britain and France (1756-1763).
Explain what the Columbian exchange was
The Columbian exchange was the exchange of foods, animals and technologies between Europe and the Americas.
Horses, cattle, sheep, new farming methods and new technologies (like steel) were introduced to the Americas and potatoes, chillies, avocado, cocoa (chocolate), coffee, tomatoes and tobacco reached Europe.
