Age of exploration

Question 1

Crusades

Answer 1

Holy wars between European Christians and Arab Muslims over the city of Jerusalem

Question 2

Renaissance

Answer 2

era of rebirth in Greek and Roman knowledge and culture

Question 3

Circumnavigate

Answer 3

to go all the way around the globe

Question 4

Conquistador

Answer 4

Spanish explorer; conqueror

Question 5

Columbian Exchange

Question 6

Encomienda System

Answer 6

system that allowed Spanish to force Native Americans to work as slaves in mines, on plantations, etc

Question 7

Northwest Passage

Answer 7

a water route through or around North America to get to Asia

Question 8

What impact did the Crusades have on trade in Europe?

Answer 8

Trade between Europe and Asia

Interest in exotic products and the desire for trade routes to Asia

Question 9

How did each of the new technologies make navigation easier?

Answer 9

Astrolabe- gives you latitude based on the position of the stars and other celestial bodies

Compass- tells you what direction you’re going

Caravel- lightweight ship with triangular sails that was faster and easier to maneuver - designed by Portuguese

Question 10

Why were European countries searching for new trade routes to Asia?

Answer 10

Arab traders charged high prices, making the goods more expensive

Question 11

What was the first European country that found a new trade route to Asia? What was their route?

Answer 11

Portugal- went around the southern tip of Africa to get to Asia

Question 12

Who were the first Europeans to land in the Western Hemisphere and why do they not receive credit for their “discovery”?

Answer 12

Vikings landed in Greenland and Newfoundland (Canada) but did not create lasting settlements

Did not have an impact on the world

Question 13

What impact did Columbus’ first journey have? Why is he credited with discovering the New World?

Answer 13

Began the Columbian Exchange- global transfer of goods
Led Spain and other countries to create colonies in the New World

Question 14

What was the major impact of European colonization on Native population?

Answer 14

Large numbers of deaths due to diseases brought by the Europeans and also their violent treatment

Native American culture is largely replaced by European culture

Question 15

What area was colonized by Spain? What were they hoping to find?

Answer 15

New Spain was the majority of South America, Central America, Caribbean, and Southwestern North America

Gold and other resources that would lead to wealth

Question 16

What was the motto of the Conquistadors?

Answer 16

Gold, Glory and God (spread Christianity)

Question 17

How did the Spanish treat the Native Americans? Who objected to this?

Answer 17

Made them slaves

Forced conversion to Catholicism

Priest Bartolome de Las Casas wrote to the King hoping he would make a law to protect the Native Americans

Question 18

What group of people were brought in to the New World to replace the Native workforce?

Answer 18

Slaves from Africa

Question 19

What area was colonized by the French? What were they hoping to establish?

Answer 19

New France was in modern-day Canada and some areas of modern-day US

Capital city- Quebec

Question 20

How did French treatment of Native Americans differ from the Spanish? Why is that?

Answer 20

French were friendly with Native Americans- they wanted to trade for furs with them

They did not want to change their culture though they did try to convert them to Catholicism

Question 21

Where is New Amsterdam and why did the Dutch create it?

Answer 21

Modern-Day New York

Trade with Native Americans

Question 22

What was the important result of the English defeat of the Spanish Armada?

Answer 22

Signaled the end of Spanish dominance and began English colonization of North America