Age of Exploration Flashcards
What is the result of people returning from the sea?
50/50
What are the 3 main motivations?
Gold, Glory, God
Explain why gold is one of the motivations
A successful trip back to Europe could lead to an exceptional profit
Explain why glory is one of the motivations
- Hero’s welcome
- Noble status
Explain why god is one of the motivations
- Motivate many priests and monks who accompanied explorers
- Used by Conquistadores to justify their actions
Describe what Crusades (十字军) do
- Created demand for spices and silk
- Returning nobles with money and a taste for cinnamon, cloves, and pepper
Describe Silk Road
- Delivers goods including spices and silk
- Long and sometimes dangerous journey with isolation, harsh conditions
- Numerous middlemen (中间商) who increase the price
- Goods only available to the top 1%
Why were explorers seeking a trade route other than the Silk Road?
After Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks (Muslims) in 1453, the prices of silk and spices from the East rose for Christians.
The Portuguese were determined to find a way to drive down the prices of Italian and Arab merchants
1453年君士坦丁堡落入奥斯曼土耳其人（穆斯林）之手后，来自东方的丝绸、香料对基督教徒价格上涨。
葡萄牙人决心找到一种方法来压低意大利和阿拉伯商人的价格。.
What are some new sailing technologies?
- Compass
- Sternpost rudders (艉轴舵)
- Portolan charts (波托兰海图)
- Astrolabe (星盘)
Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?
Portuguese prince who sponsored expeditions along the African coast in the 15th century
What Portugal’s exploration of the African coast once looked like?
Reaches the “Gold Coast” region and establishes trade
How Portuguese sailors in the late 15th century were able to continue their advance to India?
Rounding the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa
Why did the Portuguese explore East around Africa, but the Spanish head West?
Spanish using new theories/knowledge (Earth is round), decide to reach the East by heading West.
Who is Bartolomeu Dias?
First European explorer to round the South tip of Africa
Who is Vasco de Gama?
First European to reach India by sea
Who is Pedro Alvares Cabral?
First European to sail to Brazil
Who is Vasco Nunez de Balboa?
First European to see the Pacific Ocean
Who is Amerigo Vespucci?
First European to realize that North & South America were separate continents, NOT Asia
Why did Columbus believe what he did about his voyage?
Because he believed he was in India
What was first contact like with the Taino?
Tainos were generous and welcoming, Columbus think they are vulnerable
What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?
Divides the world between West (Spain), East (Portugal)
Why did the Spanish enslave them?
The Spanish believed themselves to be superior, and have a right to be their masters
Who is Bartolomé de las Casas?
“Protector of the Indians”
advocate for the indigenous peoples
A staunch, capable advocate for the rest of his life
What is Encomienda system?
A labor system used in Spain’s American colonies, where Spanish conquistadors were granted indigenous peoples to work for them.
What is Mita system?
A labor system used in the Inca Empire, where each family was required to send a member to work in mines or on public projects for a set amount of time
What is Encomendero?
The person who was granted an encomienda and had control over the indigenous peoples working for them
