Age of Exploration

Question 1

What is the result of people returning from the sea?

Answer 1

50/50

Question 2

What are the 3 main motivations?

Answer 2

Gold, Glory, God

Question 3

Explain why gold is one of the motivations

Answer 3

A successful trip back to Europe could lead to an exceptional profit

Question 4

Explain why glory is one of the motivations

Answer 4

• Hero’s welcome
• Noble status

Question 5

Explain why god is one of the motivations

Answer 5

• Motivate many priests and monks who accompanied explorers
• Used by Conquistadores to justify their actions

Question 6

Describe what Crusades (十字军) do

Answer 6

• Created demand for spices and silk
• Returning nobles with money and a taste for cinnamon, cloves, and pepper

Question 7

Describe Silk Road

Answer 7

• Delivers goods including spices and silk
• Long and sometimes dangerous journey with isolation, harsh conditions
• Numerous middlemen (中间商) who increase the price
• Goods only available to the top 1%

Question 8

Why were explorers seeking a trade route other than the Silk Road?

Answer 8

After Constantinople fell to the Ottoman Turks (Muslims) in 1453, the prices of silk and spices from the East rose for Christians.
The Portuguese were determined to find a way to drive down the prices of Italian and Arab merchants
1453年君士坦丁堡落入奥斯曼土耳其人（穆斯林）之手后，来自东方的丝绸、香料对基督教徒价格上涨。
葡萄牙人决心找到一种方法来压低意大利和阿拉伯商人的价格。.

Question 9

What are some new sailing technologies?

Answer 9

• Compass
• Sternpost rudders (艉轴舵)
• Portolan charts (波托兰海图)
• Astrolabe (星盘)

Question 10

Who is Prince Henry the Navigator?

Answer 10

Portuguese prince who sponsored expeditions along the African coast in the 15th century

Question 11

What Portugal’s exploration of the African coast once looked like?

Answer 11

Reaches the “Gold Coast” region and establishes trade

Question 12

How Portuguese sailors in the late 15th century were able to continue their advance to India?

Answer 12

Rounding the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa

Question 13

Why did the Portuguese explore East around Africa, but the Spanish head West?

Answer 13

Spanish using new theories/knowledge (Earth is round), decide to reach the East by heading West.

Question 14

Who is Bartolomeu Dias?

Answer 14

First European explorer to round the South tip of Africa

Question 15

Who is Vasco de Gama?

Answer 15

First European to reach India by sea

Question 16

Who is Pedro Alvares Cabral?

Answer 16

First European to sail to Brazil

Question 17

Who is Vasco Nunez de Balboa?

Answer 17

First European to see the Pacific Ocean

Question 18

Who is Amerigo Vespucci?

Answer 18

First European to realize that North & South America were separate continents, NOT Asia

Question 19

Why did Columbus believe what he did about his voyage?

Answer 19

Because he believed he was in India

Question 20

What was first contact like with the Taino?

Answer 20

Tainos were generous and welcoming, Columbus think they are vulnerable

Question 21

What is the Treaty of Tordesillas?

Answer 21

Divides the world between West (Spain), East (Portugal)

Question 22

Why did the Spanish enslave them?

Answer 22

The Spanish believed themselves to be superior, and have a right to be their masters

Question 23

Who is Bartolomé de las Casas?

Answer 23

“Protector of the Indians”
advocate for the indigenous peoples
A staunch, capable advocate for the rest of his life

Question 24

What is Encomienda system?

Answer 24

A labor system used in Spain’s American colonies, where Spanish conquistadors were granted indigenous peoples to work for them.

Question 25

What is Mita system?

Answer 25

A labor system used in the Inca Empire, where each family was required to send a member to work in mines or on public projects for a set amount of time

Question 26

What is Encomendero?

Answer 26

The person who was granted an encomienda and had control over the indigenous peoples working for them