Age Of Enlightenment Flashcards
it is the century of change, it’s period of recognizing human dignity.
18th century
It is a movement of reformation, period of introduction of certain person, gradually the old philosophy of punishment to amore humane treatment of prisoners with innovation program
18 century
He Fought for individual rights of person and responsible for the abolition of death penalty and torture
William Penn
First leader to prescribe imprisonment as a correctional treatment
William penn
Physician, patriot, signer of the declaration of independence and social reformer
Benjamin rush
Advocated penitentiary as replacement for capital and corporal punishment
Benjamin Rush
It is institution intended to isolate prisoners from society and from one another so that they could reflect on their past misdeeds repent and thus undergo reformation
Penitentiary
French historian and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of justice
Charles Montesquieu
He believes that harsh
punishment would undermine morality and that appealing to moral sentiments as a better means of preventing
crime.
Charles Montesquieu
His theorized separation of powers of legislative, executive and judiciary
Charles Montesquieu
He is also responsible for the abolition of death penalty and torture as a form of punishment
William penn
He was the most versatile of all philosophers during this period. He believes that fear of shame was a
deterrent to crime.
Voltaire/ Francois Marie Arouet
He fought the legality-sanctioned practice of torture.
Voltaire/ Francois Marie Arouet
He wrote an easy entitled ‘An essay on crimes and punishment’
Cesare Beccaria
Father of classical theory, politician, and Italian philosopher
Cesare Beccaria
The greatest leader in the Reform of English Criminal Law.
Jeremy Bentham
He believes that whatever punishment designed
to negate whatever pleasure or gain the criminal derives from crime; the crime rate would go down
Jeremy Bentham
He invented Panopticon Prison
Jeremy Bentham
- a prison that consist of large circular building containing multi cells around the
periphery.
Panopticon Prison
Is Panopticon Prison built?
No
The father of prison reform
John Howard
The sheriff of Bedfordshire in 1773
John Howard
John Howard is sheriff at?
Bedfordshire in 1773
After his finding on
English prisons, he recommended the following,
- Single cell for sleeping
- Separation of woman
- Separation of youth
- Provision of sanitation facilities
- Abolition of fee system which the jailers obtained money from the prisoners
A follower of Bentham was an able lawyer and the most effective leader in direct and persistent agitation for
reform of the English criminal code
Sir Samuel Romilly
He pressed for construction of the first modern English prison, “Millbank in 1816”
Sir Samuel Romilly
Considered father of modern policy system because he establishes the London metropolitan police in 1829
known as bobbies
Sir Robert Peel
He established the Irish constabulary called ‘PEELERS’ after the founder
Sir Robert Peel
What was the constabulary that Sir Robert Peel Established
Irish Constabulary called PEELERS
He was the director of the prison in Valencia, Spain, in 1835
Manuel Montesimos
He divided prisoners into companied and appointed
prisoners as petty officers in charge
Manuel Montesimos
He gave academic classes of one hour a day in all inmates under 20 years of age.
Manuel Montesimos
A superintendent of a penal colony at Norfolk Island in Australia who introduces a progressive humane
system to substitute for corporal punishment
Alexander Maconochie
When a prisoner earned a required number of marks, he was
given his ticket of leave which is the equivalent of parole.
Alexander Maconochie
• He introduced fair disciplinary trials, built churches, distributed books, allowed plays to be staged and
permitted prisoners to tend small gardens.
Alexander Maconochie
the father of parole
Alexander Maconochie
•It whereby a convict could earn freedom by hard and good behavior.
• It was used to eliminate the so-called flat sentence
Mark system of Maconochie
He is the director of the Irish prison in 1854
Water Crofton
introduced the Irish system that was modified from the
Maconochie’s mark system
Water Crofton
It is the modified Maconochie’s mark system
Irish system of Water Crofton
FOUR STAGES OF THE IRISH SYSTEM
1.Solitary confinement for 9 months
2. Assignment to public works in association with other prisoners
3. Work without supervision
4. Release of prisoners under certain conditions similar to parole
He was famous for the establishment of agricultural colony for delinquent boys in France in 1839. (young
boys offenders)
Frederick Auguste Demetz
In the Agricultural Colony. The system was based on ________ rather that ______.
Reeducation - force
Who is the superintendent in the New York state reformatory at Elmira
Zebulon Brockway
When does New York state reformatory at Elmira opened
1876
What does Brockway introduced in Elmira
New institutional program for boys from 16 to 30 years of age
In Elmira new prisoner is classified as?
2nd grade
In Elmira if you are a second grade the after 6 months of good behavior you will be promoted into?
1st grade
In Elmira if you are a 1st grade then you show another 6 months of good behavior you will be?
Qualified for parole
He opened the Borstal Institution near Rochedi in
Kent
Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise
became the earliest best reform institution for young offender and is one of the best institution for the reformation and rehabilitation for juvenile offenders, 21 below.
Borstal Institution
Borstal Institution is located at
United Kingdom
He is the warden of the Auburn
Elam lynds
Auburn is later called as
Sing sing
He is a strict disciplinarian who believe that all convicts were cowards who could
not be reformed until their spirit was broken.
Elam Lynds
he devised a system of brutal punishment and degrading procedures, many of which remained as accepted practice until very recent times.
Elam lynds
a development of the various forms of attire to degrade and identity prisoners.
• Wide alternating black and white horizontal bonds were placed on the loose-fitting heavy cotton garments.
Stripes
Prison Stripes
The
famous ‘prison strips’ came into during the year of ?
1815
prisoners were required to line up in a close formation with their hands on the shoulders under the
arms of the prisoner in front.
Lockstep
Design the prison of Ghent (Belgium) to rehabilitate rather to punish
Jean Jacques Villain
prison of Ghent is located at?
Belgium
Jean Jacques Villain designed?
Prison of Ghent/ Ghent prison
Father of penitentiary science.
Jean Jacques Villain
He developed a strict classification of criminals and their segregation
Jean Jacques Villain
