age inequality Flashcards
Willis - Age inequality in the workplace (Youth)
Working class youths see their futures as working in basic manual labour jobs like their fathers therefore they do not aspire for more.
Barron and Norris - Age inequality in the workplace (Youth)
Suggests that young people are more likely to be found in the secondary labour market which is defined by low pay, low status, a lack of chance of promotion and few fringe benefits e.g. no access to private pensions etc.
Ritzer - Age inequality in the workplace (Youth)
Young people are often on zero hour contracts and in what Ritzer calls ‘McJobs’ (unstimulating, low-wage job with few benefits, especially in a service industry).
Johnson - Age inequality in the workplace (Elderly)
Suggested that ageism occurs in the workplace in UK. Johnson suggests that ageism is institutionalised and embedded in practices and society. Ageism in the workplace is expressed through the stereotypical assumptions about a person’s competency to do a job in relation to their age. Older people find it much more difficult to get a job as they get older and face stereotypes in the workplace.
Barron and Norris - Age inequality in the workplace (Elderly)
Suggests that the elderly are more likely to be found in the secondary labour market which is defined by low pay, low status, a lack of chance of promotion and few fringe benefits e.g. no access to private pensions etc.
The National Pensioners Convention (NPC) - Age inequality in the workplace (Elderly)
1 in 5 (2.5 million) older people live below the poverty line. The majority of these are females living alone.
Saunders - Age inequality in the workplace (Middle age advantage)
Suggests that middle age identity is related closely to consumption. The media targets middle age as they are the group with the highest disposable income (due to being at the peak of their careers’ and they often define their identity by what they own, he called this conspicuous consumption.
Harding - Age inequality in crime (Youth)
Working class youths in London face deprivation and turn to crime for income – Harding calls this a ‘Street Casino’ as they turn to crime and gamble with their lives – street capital is gained through committing deviance/criminal activities.
Jacobson - Age inequality in crime (Youth)
Found that children and young people in custody - three quarters have absent fathers, half had to live in a deprived household, half had run away, from care – “Complex backgrounds”.
Financial Times (2015) - Age inequality in crime (Elderly)
The number of over-60s in jail topped 4,000 for the first time on record, more than double the figure 10 years ago. The number of inmates with dementia has risen, while cases of diabetes and hypertension have also soared.
Age UK (2015) - Age inequality in crime (Elderly)
Of those targeted by fraud scams, the financial loss for older victims (those aged 55 and over) was likely to be nearly twice as much per scam as that for younger age groups.
Cohen - Age inequality in the media (Youth)
Discussed negative labelling of youths in the media E.g. the Mods and Rockers. He stated that they are labelled as ‘folk devils’ who threaten the basic morals of society. This can lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy where youths ‘live down to their label’.
Thornton - Age inequality in the media (Youth)
Expanded the work of Cohen but studied youth ravers in the 90s. She said that the deviance occurring was amplified by the media creating a moral panic around drug taking.
Griffin - Age inequality in the media (Youth)
Stated that youths are labelled by the media in 3 ways:
Dysfunctional (meaning they don’t ‘function’ effectively), Suffering a Deficit (they act hard-done by e.g. financially due to increased tuition fees) and as Deviant (meaning they are norm and law breaking). This can create a self-fulfilling prophecy and also negative treatment from the general public / by those in ‘power’.
Carrigan and Szmigin - Age inequality in the media (Elderly)
State that older people are ignored in media advertising and when they are included they are stereotyped and presented as a caricature of an elderly person - They are presented as ‘smelly and incontinent’ and in need of support meaning they are seen as dependent on others.
