Age and Disabled inequalities Flashcards
What does Parsons say about child/youth identity?
Believed that the family has two functions: the primary socialisation of children and the stabilisation of adult personalities; and that adolescence is a time when children begin to develop independence from their parents and shift their primary loyalty from their parents to their marriage partner
What does Griffin say about child/youth identity?
That the media portrays the youth in 3 different ways:
- deviant = norm and law breaking
- dysfunctional = doesn’t function effectively
- suffering a deficit = hard-done by
What does Heintz-Knowles say about child/youth identity?
Conducted a content analysis to study the portrayal of children on TV, found that it showed them as:
- motivated most by peer relationships and romance
- engaged in anti-social behaviour
- ethnic minority backgrounds are under represented
This can result in a socially constructed idea about what children are like, and lead to a moral panic
What does McRobbie say about child/youth identity?
Suggested that girls have their own subculture (cult of femininity) where they and their girl friends socialise in the bedroom to be safe from boys humiliating them, she called this ‘bedroom culture’
What did Sewell say about child/youth identity?
Said that the media provides young black boys from matriarchal backgrounds with a father figure, usually in the form of rappers with get rich quick attitudes that promote violence and misogyny, which creates a hierarchy in friend groups and an anti-school attitude
What did Willis say about child/youth culture?
Working class boys had an anti-school subculture, in which they didn’t pay attention in class because they knew they would follow in their father’s footsteps towards manual labour jobs
What did Brannen say about middle age identity?
Researched informal care responsibilities and found that many middle aged people experience a dual burden, where they have to look after their children and their parents. He called them he pivot generation.
What did Saunders say about middle age identity?
Did a study on consumption and found that advertisements are targeted at the middle aged because they have the highest disposable income and often define themselves by what they own.
What did Hodkinson say about middle age identity?
Did a study on goths and found that they were one of the few subcultures which people kept as a part of their identity when they reached middle age, but adapt their appearance for work to fit the standards. They still value work and family, meaning their subculture doesn’t impact their aspirations.
What did Willis say about middle age identity?
Willis did a study into 12 working class lads and found that they had an anti-school subculture because they knew they would be in manual labour jobs in the future. He revisited them a few years later and most of them did actually end up in manual labour jobs and it was a key part of their masculine identity.
What did Mac an Ghail say about middle age identity?
Found that once manual labour workers had been made redundant from their jobs, they felt a loss of identity from their tight knit communities. The loss of the role of the breadwinner led them to feel a loss of status and masculinity.
What did Parsons say about old age identity?
That the elderly have less status in society, once children have grown up and they have retired, the elderly lose their most important role within the family. They may become isolated from their children, who tend to focus on their own family. He called this disengagement theory.
What did Carrigan and Szmigin say about old age identity?
Studied the representation of old people in media advertising and found that they are less likely to be portrayed in advertisements than younger people. Depictions of older people feature negative images such as them being smelly and incontinent, yet today they are more likely to be active.
What did Sontag say about old age identity?
Suggested that there is a double standard of ageing, especially in TV whereby women are required to be youthful throughout their careers whereas men are not
What did Landis say about old age identity?
Supported the findings of Age Concern and identified stereotypes of older people in the media: grumpy, feisty old woman, mentally deficient.
What did Clarke and Warren say about old age identity?
Suggested that old age may be a time to make new friends and find new interests. Active ageing - a time for new opportunities where old people can be active and engaged. The University of the Third Age - developed in the 1960’s and was based upon the principles of learning for enjoyment rather than qualification.
What did Johnson say about old age identity?
Said that ageism occurs in the workplace in the UK, and that it is institutionalised and embedded in society. In the workplace it is expressed through stereotypical assumptions about a person’s competency to do a job in relation to their age.
What did Voas say about old age identity?
Said that religion may create and reinforce old age identity through giving people a sense of comfort when facing death. He suggested that older people are much more likely to identify themselves as being religious because they were bought up in a more religious time, and people become more spiritual as they approach death.
What did Hockey and James say about old age identity?
Use the concept of infantilisation to describe how the elderly are seen as helpless and vulnerable, dependent and in need of care. In their research on a retirement home they found that elderly patients were treated like children, weren’t allowed to keep their own money and instead were given pocket money, and had their privacy taken away.
What did Blaikie say about changing age identities (postmodernism)?
What did Featherstone and Hepworth say about changing age identities (postmodernism)?
Argued that the life course has begun to be deconstructed via two processes:
- de-differentiation: the differences between life courses become less clear
- de-institutionalisation: institutions in society become less closely associated with maintaining different phases of the life course
They said that there is a ‘mask of ageing’ whereby: children and adults are more alike, childhood is less separate from other stages of life, body maintenance can limit physical differences between age groups, ageing has come to be seen in more positive lights.
What did Blaikie say about changing age identities (postmodernism)?
Argues that attitudes towards retirement have changed and stereotypes of old age have broken down, claiming that this is partly due to consumer culture. The retired are now an important consumer group who are targeted with products and services; this is because of the ‘grey pound (£)’ being valued more - products such as house appliances. People are no longer restricted by their age because the stereotypes of ageing have been challenged by people like Kate Beckinsdale and Kris Jenner/Kardashian.
What did Clarke and Warren say about changing identities
Said that old people are starting to be seen as more active and aspirational rather than slow and lazy, which is shifting people’s ideas of them towards a positive light.
What did The Medical Model say about disabled identities?
They see disability as a medical problem, focussing on the limitations caused by the impairment; however, this approach leads to the defining of a disabled person by their disability/impairment. This leads to a victim blaming mentality where the problem lies with the disabled individual rather than the society which has not met their needs.
