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LAM Regulatory Jan 2017 > Ag Guide > Flashcards

Ag Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary reference material for needs and requirements of ag animals?

A

The Guide to the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching 3e (Ag Guide)

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2
Q

What act granted land to states to create colleges for practical applications?

A

Morrill Act of 1862

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3
Q

When was the Ag Guide first published?

A

1988, updated in 1999 and 2010.

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4
Q

Should categorization of a protocol as an ag vs biomedical study be designated by protocol or by species used?

A

By protocol.

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5
Q

How often should the IACUC review ag programs?

A

Semi-annually

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6
Q

Who should appoint the IACUC?

A

CEO or responsible administrative official of institution

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7
Q

What are the requirements of an IACUC in the Ag Guide?

A

(1) Scientist with experience in ag animal research or teaching
(2) Animal/ dairy/ poultry scientist with training in ag animal management
(3) Vet with training and experience in ag animal medicine
(4) Person with primary area of interest outside of science
(5) Person unaffiliated with the institution

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8
Q

How many IACUC members are required by the Guide, the Ag Guide, and PHS?

A

Guide- 3 members for 4 positions
Ag Guide- 5 members for 5 positions
PHS Policy- 3 members for 4 positions

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9
Q

Must IACUC meetings be held in person?

A

No, as long as a quorum of members are present in real time and provide the same interactive opportunities as a face-to-face meeting

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10
Q

Who should the IACUC report semi-annual inspection findings to?

A

the IO

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11
Q

How often should IACUC perform a complete protocol review?

A

every 3 years

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12
Q

What constitutes a ‘standard farm practice’?

A

A procedure generally used in commercial farms, definition and inclusions should be decided by the IACUC

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13
Q

How often should written operating procedures be reviewed by the IACUC?

A

periodically.

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14
Q

When do standard agricultural practices not need to be described separately in each protocol?

A

(1) They are warrented to sustain long-term welfare of animal or caretaker
(2) Are performed by or under direct supervision of capable, trained personnel
(3) Are performed with precautions taken to reduce pain, stress, infection

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15
Q

Who should be included in training and occ health programs in ag programs?

A

All personnel including volunteers, students, and facilities staff

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16
Q

What immunization is an important part of an agricultural occ health program?

A

Tetanus.

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17
Q

What are 2 major occ health risks of working with ag animals?

A

Physical injury and allergies

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18
Q

What does BIO stand for and what does it provide?

A

Biotechnology Industry Organization, provides information for development of stewardship programs for institutions using genetically engineered animals.

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19
Q

What constitutes genetic engineering in agricultural animals?

A

The direct manipulation of an organism’s genes, including heritable and nonheritable recombinant DNA constructs, distinct from traditional breeding where genetics are indirectly manipulated.

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20
Q

For genetically modified agricultural animals used in research, what regulations should be followed?

A

USDA regs, NIH guidelines, Ag Guide

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21
Q

For cloned animals used in research, what regulations should be followed?

A

No published guidelines that have unique requirements for cloned animals. USDA regs, NIH guidelines, and Ag Guide should be followed

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22
Q

Where should animal clones be registered as part of the Supply Chain Management program to identify cattle and pig clones in the US?

A

Livestock Industry Clone Registry

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23
Q

An investigator would like to buy cattle from a stockyard to use. Should you procure them from this source?

A

Only if necessary- there are significant unknown health risks

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24
Q

What is the stabilization period prior to animal use hich permits physiological and behavioral adaptation to the new environment known as?

A

Acclimation period

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25
Q

What is the separation of newly received animals from those already in the facility until the health of the new animals has been evaluated and found to be acceptable known as?

A

Quarantine

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26
Q

Who should perform the initial exam of new arrivals into quarantine?

A

The AV or skilled personnel under the direction of the AV

27
Q

Who is responsible for the agricultural animal health care program?

A

the attending veterinarian

28
Q

What are the objectives of a written program of preventive medicine in agricultural animals?

A

(1) Ensure animal health and well-being
(2) Minimize pain and distress
(3) Maintain animal production
(4) Prevent zoonosis
(5) Provide assistance to investigators on study-related animal health issues
(6) Avoid contaminants or residues in animal products

29
Q

When a sick ag animal is identified, what should be done?

A

(1) Separate from the main group as indicated
(2) Observe at least once daily
(3) Provide with veterinary care as appropriate

30
Q

You have a terminally ill ewe with pain uncontrolled by analgesic medication. What should be done?

A

The animal should be humanely euthanized as soon as possible, as it is incurably ill or has unrelievable pain/distress

31
Q

Do all agricultural animals need an individual medical record?

A

Not necessarily. Group records can be used for animals kept in cohorts, especially when group representatives are evaluated for the group.

32
Q

What should be included in an ag animal’s medical record?

A

Animal ID or group ID, clinical information, immunizations and other prophylactic treatments and procedures, documentation and interpretation of diagnostic tests, documentation of research interventions, treatments prescribed/administered, clinical response and follow up information; descriptions of surgical procedures/ anesthesia/ analgesia/ post-op care, methods used to control pain and distress, documentation of resolution, documentation of euthanasia or other disposition, and necropsy findings if indicated.

33
Q

Who should have access to health records systems?

A

Veterinarian, IACUC, principal scientist

34
Q

When can a paralytic agent (eg succinylcholine) be used in an agricultural animal?

A

When they are in a surgical plane of anesthesia and the use of the paralytic is justified in the protocol with appropriate monitoring procedures described

35
Q

What PPE should be used for survival surgeries?

A

Surgical cap, mask, gown, gloves with aseptic site preparation and draping

36
Q

What is required for ag animals recovering from anesthesia and major surgery?

A

(1) Segregation from other animals until recovery
(2) Clean and sanitary recovery area
(3) Adequate space for recovery without injury
(4) Environmental controls sufficient to ensure maintenance of environmental temperature within the thermoneutral zone
(5) Trained personnel for postsurgical observation
(6) Postsurgical observation until animal is fully recovered

37
Q

A gilt is recovering from surgery and seems to be experiencing pain unanticipated for the procedure. What should the research staff do?

A

Contact the attending veterinarian and take immediate ameliorative action as necessary

38
Q

What 3 groups of chemicals must be prevented from occurring in research animals if they are going into the human food chain?

A

(1) Approved drugs used as directed
(2) extra-label drug use
(3) other chemicals like herbicides, pesticides, and wood preservatives.

39
Q

Where can information about drugs and withholding times for food animals be found?

A

Food Animal Residue Avoidance Database (FARAD)

40
Q

What act requires special consideration before administering drugs to animals that may enter the food chain?

A

Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994 (AMDUCA)

41
Q

How long should record of potentially harmful products used in the agricultural facility be maintained?

A

At least 3 months or consistent with applicable state and federal requirements

42
Q

Is enrollment in a quality assurance program required if it is present in a food animal industry?

A

Yes.

43
Q

A laying hen has received an investigative new animal drug as part of a protocol. What is needed in order to sell her eggs for human consumption?

A

(1) Authorization from the FDA or USDA
(2) Appropriate INAD exemption from the USDA for that drug
(3) Data that shows consumption of products from the treated animal is consistent with public health considerations and don’t contain harmful residues or metabolites

44
Q

An investigator is comparing organic to conventional methods of raising pigs. One of his organic animals develops respiratory disease. What should be done for this animal?

A

Treatment cannot be withheld from a sick animal to maintain its organic status. All appropriate medications and treatments must be used even if the animal will be removed from organic production as a result.

45
Q

A team of investigators is attempting to genetically modify a Belgian Blue cow’s offspring to produce more meat. As a result, these calves may produce more twins. Who is responsible for identifying potential physiologic and phenotypic changes due to genetic modifications and coming up with a plan to address them?

A

The scientist/investigator

46
Q

An investigator would like to euthanize stunned chickens by immersing them in an electrified water bath. Is this an acceptable method of euthanasia?

A

It is unacceptable.

47
Q

An investigator would like to euthanize stunned pigs by applying electric current to the head of pigs standing on a moistened metal plate. Is this an acceptable method of euthanasia?

A

It is unacceptable.

48
Q

An investigator would like to euthanize cows by penetrating captive bolt. Is this an acceptable method of euthanasia?

A

Yes, if personnel are trained and the bolt device is properly maintained.

49
Q

What is the only chemical used for euthanasia of food animals that doesn’t lead to tissue residues?

A

Carbon dioxide.

50
Q

What four categorical indicators can be used to determine an agricultural animal’s well-being?

A

(1) Behavioral patterns
(2) Pathological and immunological traits
(3) Physiological and biochemical characteristics
(4) Reproductive and productive performance of the individual animal

51
Q

What is the Livestock Weather Safety Index?

A

An index based on temperature-humidity index (THI) that describes how likely heat stress is to occur in ag species:
Alert: 74-79 THI
Danger: 79-84 THI
Emergency: >84 THI

52
Q

What is the primary means of maintaining desired air temperature and water vapor pressure conditions in the animal microenvironment?

A

Ventilation.

53
Q

What is the maximum airspeed for ventilation of very young animals?

A

For poultry or pigs- no drafts.

For other species, air speed should be <0.25m/s (<50ft/min)

54
Q

What is the maximum concentration of ammonia to which animals should be exposed?

A

should be <10ppm, can’t exceed 25ppm

55
Q

What is the maximum concentration of hydrogen sulfide to which animals should be exposed?

A

Should be <10ppm, can’t exceed 50ppm

56
Q

What is the maximum concentration of carbon monoxide in the air to which animals should be exposed?

A

Shouldn’t exceed 150ppm

57
Q

What is the maximum concentration of methane to which animals should be exposed?

A

Should not exceed 50,000 ppm. Explosive at high concentration.

58
Q

What is the maximum allowable dust level to which human workers can be exposed in an 8h day?

A

5mg/m3 for respirable dust (with particle size <5um), 15mg/m3 for total dust

59
Q

What water temperature is required for sanitation of barn surfaces for the purposes of removing excreta?

A

180F (82C)

60
Q

How should unopened agricultural feed sacks be stored?

A

Off the ground, labelled with manufacture date or use-by date and contents

61
Q

How should opened agricultural feed sacks be stored?

A

In closed containers labeled with contents.

62
Q

Can separate species be housed in the same enclosure/room?

A

Yes, if it can be done in a manner that ensures the well-being of the animals. A qualified veterinarian or scientist should recommend appropriate health and biosecurity practices with co-housed animals.

63
Q

How often must animals in intensive accommodations be observed and cared or?

A

Daily. For extensive operations (ie. range or pasture), it should be frequent enough to recognize need for emergency action, detect illness in a timely fashion, and ensure adequate availability of feed/water.

64
Q

In emergency situations, how often should agricultural animals have access to feed and water?

A

Continuous supply of water. Absence of feed for up to 48hrs in adult, well nourished animals shouldn’t endanger their health. For young animals not nursing dams, feed should be provided within 24 hours.

LAM Regulatory Jan 2017 (3 decks)

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