Aftermath of 1967 war

Question 1

SIX DAY WAR
consequences

Answer 1

ISRAELI WIN

779 Israeli deaths
20,000 Arabs deaths
Israel land increase by 350%
1 Million Arabs in new Israeli territory
UN RESOLUTION 242
Loss of faith in pan-arabism

Question 2

What was UN resolution 242

Answer 2

-Israel to withdraw from territory captured in recent conflict
-Arab recognition of Israel’s right to exist
-Just settlement for refugee problem

Question 3

Israel reaction to UN resolution 242

Answer 3

-Willing to open discussion with Arab states
-Their aim was living in peace so losing occupied territory seemed acceptable

Question 4

Egypt, Jordan, Israel reactions to UN resolution 242

Answer 4

Egypt and Jordan initially accept, but after Khartoum conference 1967 create “Three No’s”

No recognition of Israel
No peace with Israel
No negotiations with Israel

Nasser: Until Israel agrees to give all land taken back, there would be no peace

Question 5

Why was there continued dispute over the Suez canal after six day war?

Answer 5

It was still blocked by sunken ships from fighting. Israel refused to let Egypt clear these ships because Egypt refused to let Israel use the canal.

Nasser got help from USSR to make Israel back away from canal. Regular bombings of Israelis on Sinai side of canal, including the sinking of an Israeli warship and the reprisal of oil refinery bombings (badly affecting Egyptian economy)

Question 6

How had the “War of Attrition” (continued Suez dispute) escalate till 1970?

Answer 6

1.5 million Egyptians had to flee their homes
1000 Israelis killed
Both sides calling superpower aid
SAM-3 missiles from USSR to Egypt meant Israeli planes cant go over Egyptian soil anymore

Question 7

What lead to the end of the war of attrition 1970

Answer 7

Both sides released no one could win so they agreed on a ceasefire

Question 8

Why was Israeli morale especially high after six-day-war

Answer 8

They had gained occupation of East Jerusalem, containing important holy sites: Wailing Wall and Temple Mount as well as Sinai, Golan Heights, Gaza strip meaning Israel was 350% BIGGER

Huge amounts of stolen soviet weapons in Israeli hands

Question 9

Reasons Israel should give back occupied land

Answer 9

-Annexing and will cause endless problems until returned (if they dont also will face global opinion)
-UN resolution 242 would give long term peace
-It would make 1 million Arabs citizens, giving them the right to vote and the ability to outvote Israelis
-Military occupation would be expensive

Question 10

Reasons Israel shouldn’t give back occupied land

Answer 10

-Israel has growing population and needs the extra land and resources
-Greater security over its borders
-Religious importance of certain occupied lands

Question 11

Significance of East Jerusalem to Arabs and Israelis

Answer 11

ARABS:
Dome of the Rock, religious

Jews:
Waling wall, religious

Question 12

Significance of Sinai to Arabs and Israelis

Answer 12

ARABS:
Egypt’s only oil supply
Israeli occupation prevents Arab use and financial gain from Suez canal

ISRAELIS:
Straits of Tiran safe
Buffer zone between themselves and Egypt

Question 13

Significance of West bank to Arabs and Israelis

Answer 13

ARABS:
home of 600,000 Palestinians

ISRAELIS:
buffer zone between themselves and Jordan
Needed fertile land next to River Jordan
Promised Land given by God

Question 14

Significance of Gaza to Arabs and Israelis

Answer 14

ARABS:
home of 350,000 Palestinians

ISRAELIS:
Clamp down of Fedayeen raids

Question 15

Significance of Golan Heights to Arabs and Israelis

Answer 15

ARABS:
fertile land and resources important for Syria
100,000 Syrians lived here
Prevents Israel from ability to fire on Arab towns

ISRAELl:
Syria no longer able to fire at farms

Question 16

How many refugees from West bank due to Israeli occupation? Where did they go

Answer 16

300,000 Palestinians fled, mainly to UN refugee camps
6 Jordanian refugee camps
-Largest one had 26,000 refugees in 5,000 tents
-Refugees not given citizenship so hard for them to get jobs
-Lack of basic services eg rubbish collection
-Many ended up joining Fatah

Question 17

Why did Jordan not improve conditions for refugees in their camps?

Answer 17

They believed that Israel had made them refugees so they should take care of them
However 850k Israelis moved from Arab states to Israel and had been taken care of so Arabs should do the same for Palestinians

Question 18

Palestinian use of terrorism as response to being made refugees

Answer 18

Terrorist groups worked divided (despite 30 groups being in Jordan, they didnt work together)
-Fatah launched guerilla attacks in attempt to force Israel out of occupied territory
-Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (1967) terrorist action outside Israel to gain attention to Palestine problem

Question 19

Cause, events, consequences of destruction of Karameh

Answer 19

Caused by Fatah bombing of school bus.

Israel sends in 15,000 troops and faced strong resistance from Fatah

-Successful destruction of Fatah base in Karameh, 150 prisoners but loss of 28 soldiers and 2 aircrafts.
-Israel condemned for use of excessive force
-5000 new Fatah members 2 days after the attack - 1969 saw 2,000 Fatah raids

Question 20

DAWSON’S FIELD 1970 (PFLP)
aims

Answer 20

Release of Palestinian prisoners kept in Britain, Germany, Switzerland, Israel

Question 21

DAWSON’S FIELD 1970 (PFLP)
features

Answer 21

-4 planes hijacked by PFLP
-3 forced to land in Dawson’s field, Jordan
-56 Jewish passengers held hostage
-plane destroyed
-Hostages exchanged for Palestinian prisoners

Question 22

Why was PLO expelled from Jordan in 1970

Answer 22

-Yasser Arafat influence was growing and he essentially owned a state-within-a-state. It was rumoured he was going to overthrow King Hussein

-Fatah attacks largely based in Jordan, meaning reprisals from Israel targeted Jordan, angering King Hussein

Question 23

What was Black September and when was it

Answer 23

1970
2,000 Palestinian fighters killed while attempting to seize control over PLO bases and prevent foreign intervention to stop the terrorist groups

Question 24

MUNICH MASSACRE 1972 (Black September Organisation)
aims

Answer 24

Release of 250,000 Palestinian prisoners in Israel

Question 25

MUNICH MASSACRE 1972 (Black September Organisation)
features

Answer 25

-8 disguised men infiltrate Jewish hotel and take 9 hostages and kill 2others
-Olympics suspended
-German police fail to prevent terrorists and 11 Jews killed in the end

Question 26

MUNICH MASSACRE 1972 (Black September Organisation)
consequences

Answer 26

-US president presses for UN to take action
-People around world education on Palestinian provlem and unhealthy camps hundred have lived in for 20 years and understood Palestinians were helpless victims of war
-“OPERATION WRATH OF GOD” Israel prime minister orders assassination of those responsible of Munich Massacre, including Ali Salameh in 1979 (mastermind of attack, funeral attended by 20,000) and Hamshari (France PLO representative)