Aftermath of 1967 war Flashcards
SIX DAY WAR
consequences
ISRAELI WIN
779 Israeli deaths
20,000 Arabs deaths
Israel land increase by 350%
1 Million Arabs in new Israeli territory
UN RESOLUTION 242
Loss of faith in pan-arabism
What was UN resolution 242
-Israel to withdraw from territory captured in recent conflict
-Arab recognition of Israel’s right to exist
-Just settlement for refugee problem
Israel reaction to UN resolution 242
-Willing to open discussion with Arab states
-Their aim was living in peace so losing occupied territory seemed acceptable
Egypt, Jordan, Israel reactions to UN resolution 242
Egypt and Jordan initially accept, but after Khartoum conference 1967 create “Three No’s”
No recognition of Israel
No peace with Israel
No negotiations with Israel
Nasser: Until Israel agrees to give all land taken back, there would be no peace
Why was there continued dispute over the Suez canal after six day war?
It was still blocked by sunken ships from fighting. Israel refused to let Egypt clear these ships because Egypt refused to let Israel use the canal.
Nasser got help from USSR to make Israel back away from canal. Regular bombings of Israelis on Sinai side of canal, including the sinking of an Israeli warship and the reprisal of oil refinery bombings (badly affecting Egyptian economy)
How had the “War of Attrition” (continued Suez dispute) escalate till 1970?
1.5 million Egyptians had to flee their homes
1000 Israelis killed
Both sides calling superpower aid
SAM-3 missiles from USSR to Egypt meant Israeli planes cant go over Egyptian soil anymore
What lead to the end of the war of attrition 1970
Both sides released no one could win so they agreed on a ceasefire
Why was Israeli morale especially high after six-day-war
They had gained occupation of East Jerusalem, containing important holy sites: Wailing Wall and Temple Mount as well as Sinai, Golan Heights, Gaza strip meaning Israel was 350% BIGGER
Huge amounts of stolen soviet weapons in Israeli hands
Reasons Israel should give back occupied land
-Annexing and will cause endless problems until returned (if they dont also will face global opinion)
-UN resolution 242 would give long term peace
-It would make 1 million Arabs citizens, giving them the right to vote and the ability to outvote Israelis
-Military occupation would be expensive
Reasons Israel shouldn’t give back occupied land
-Israel has growing population and needs the extra land and resources
-Greater security over its borders
-Religious importance of certain occupied lands
Significance of East Jerusalem to Arabs and Israelis
ARABS:
Dome of the Rock, religious
Jews:
Waling wall, religious
Significance of Sinai to Arabs and Israelis
ARABS:
Egypt’s only oil supply
Israeli occupation prevents Arab use and financial gain from Suez canal
ISRAELIS:
Straits of Tiran safe
Buffer zone between themselves and Egypt
Significance of West bank to Arabs and Israelis
ARABS:
home of 600,000 Palestinians
ISRAELIS:
buffer zone between themselves and Jordan
Needed fertile land next to River Jordan
Promised Land given by God
Significance of Gaza to Arabs and Israelis
ARABS:
home of 350,000 Palestinians
ISRAELIS:
Clamp down of Fedayeen raids
Significance of Golan Heights to Arabs and Israelis
ARABS:
fertile land and resources important for Syria
100,000 Syrians lived here
Prevents Israel from ability to fire on Arab towns
ISRAELl:
Syria no longer able to fire at farms
How many refugees from West bank due to Israeli occupation? Where did they go
300,000 Palestinians fled, mainly to UN refugee camps
6 Jordanian refugee camps
-Largest one had 26,000 refugees in 5,000 tents
-Refugees not given citizenship so hard for them to get jobs
-Lack of basic services eg rubbish collection
-Many ended up joining Fatah
Why did Jordan not improve conditions for refugees in their camps?
They believed that Israel had made them refugees so they should take care of them
However 850k Israelis moved from Arab states to Israel and had been taken care of so Arabs should do the same for Palestinians
Palestinian use of terrorism as response to being made refugees
Terrorist groups worked divided (despite 30 groups being in Jordan, they didnt work together)
-Fatah launched guerilla attacks in attempt to force Israel out of occupied territory
-Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (1967) terrorist action outside Israel to gain attention to Palestine problem
Cause, events, consequences of destruction of Karameh
Caused by Fatah bombing of school bus.
Israel sends in 15,000 troops and faced strong resistance from Fatah
-Successful destruction of Fatah base in Karameh, 150 prisoners but loss of 28 soldiers and 2 aircrafts.
-Israel condemned for use of excessive force
-5000 new Fatah members 2 days after the attack - 1969 saw 2,000 Fatah raids
DAWSON’S FIELD 1970 (PFLP)
aims
Release of Palestinian prisoners kept in Britain, Germany, Switzerland, Israel
DAWSON’S FIELD 1970 (PFLP)
features
-4 planes hijacked by PFLP
-3 forced to land in Dawson’s field, Jordan
-56 Jewish passengers held hostage
-plane destroyed
-Hostages exchanged for Palestinian prisoners
Why was PLO expelled from Jordan in 1970
-Yasser Arafat influence was growing and he essentially owned a state-within-a-state. It was rumoured he was going to overthrow King Hussein
-Fatah attacks largely based in Jordan, meaning reprisals from Israel targeted Jordan, angering King Hussein
What was Black September and when was it
1970
2,000 Palestinian fighters killed while attempting to seize control over PLO bases and prevent foreign intervention to stop the terrorist groups
MUNICH MASSACRE 1972 (Black September Organisation)
aims
Release of 250,000 Palestinian prisoners in Israel
