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Russia Assessment > After The Great Patriotic War > Flashcards

After The Great Patriotic War Flashcards

1
Q

What did the end of WW2 lead to for USSR

A

Increased military prestige

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2
Q

Which countries become part of USSR

A

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania (soviet republics)

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3
Q

How was Germany divided

A

Into 4- British, American, Soviet and French

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4
Q

How was Berlin spilt

A

Berlin was part of soviet zone but was split into 4 - caused tension between east and west

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5
Q

Who were in the grand alliance

A

Soviet, US and Britain

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6
Q

When was the grand alliance

A

1941-45

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7
Q

When was Tehran

A

November 1943

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8
Q

When did Churchill mad Stalin meet in Moscow

A

October 1944

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9
Q

When was Yalta conference

A

Feb 1945

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10
Q

When was Potsdam conference

A

July 1945

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11
Q

What was agreed at the Yalta conference

A

Germany and Berlin divided into 4

Germany will pay reparations

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12
Q

Who was at the Yalta conference

A

Stalin Roosevelt Churchill

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13
Q

What did Stalin seize from Germany (Yalta conference)

A

60% of German plant and resources in soviet occupied areas

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14
Q

How did they disagree over Poland (Yalta)

A

It was occupied by Soviet-promised to hold free elections but uk and us didn’t trust Stalin

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15
Q

Around what time was the Tehran conference

A

They were close to victory in the war

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16
Q

What was agreed at Tehran

A

Mount an attack of the Nazis from the east

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17
Q

What were there no agreements on at Tehran

A

Territory

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18
Q

Who was Potsdam between

A

Stalin Truman and Attlee

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19
Q

What was war like at the time of the Potsdam conference

A

War ended but fighting remained in the Far East

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20
Q

What was agreed regarding Germany at the Potsdam conference

A

Germany demilitarised

Nazi party banned

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21
Q

What would the Soviet Union gain from the Potsdam conference

A

10-15% of industrial plan and machinery from western Germany
Gain areas of east Poland

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22
Q

What were relations between big 3 at Potsdam

A

Increased tensions

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23
Q

What was the secret pact between Stalin and Roosevelt

A

If they supported US against Japan they could have land in Chinese territory

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24
Q

What was the USSR in relation to the United Nations

A

One of the 5 permanent members of the UN Security Council

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25
Q

When was the United Nations formed

A

1945

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26
Q

How did the USSR extend its territory to neighbouring national states

A

Using its military presence and political influence, they encouraged countries to created governments ‘friendly’ to the Soviet Union

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27
Q

What was a satellite state

A

Pro soviet governments aka puppet states

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28
Q

When did most countries close to ussr become satellite states

A

1948

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29
Q

What did these satellite states create

A

A buffer zone to protect ussr from future invasion

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30
Q

What were previously exiled (in1930s) communist party groups doing

A

Training in Moscow ready to infiltrate post war governments after liberations

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31
Q

What occurred as soon as red army entered Poland

A

A provisional government was set up

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32
Q

What was important about the provisional government set up in Lublin

A

It was mostly pro-Moscow communists

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33
Q

Who led communist partisans in Yugoslavia

A

Joseph Tito

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34
Q

What did communist partisans gain control of

A

The post war government

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35
Q

Where did communist regimes control

A

Bulgaria and Romania

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36
Q

What did the eastern part of Germany become

A

Soviet zone of occupation

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37
Q

When did Moscow trained communists gain political control of east Germany

A

1946

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38
Q

What did communists have to do in countries where democratic national governments were elected

A

Salami tactics- gaining power from within

Join with non communists (especially socialists) to slowly build up

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39
Q

What did salami tactics enable

A

Pro- soviet governments gain power in Hungary in 1947 and Czechoslovakia in 1948

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40
Q

What ideological differences did the big three have

A

Stalin was critical of west for not opening a second front in European war in order to relieve pressure on the red army

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41
Q

What did they conflict about at Yalta

A

Post war borders of Germany and Poland

42
Q

Why did allies agree to demand German surrender at Tehran

A

To prevent them from making desperate peace with hitler

43
Q

What created tension at Potsdam

A

No peace agreement made- USSR was asserting politics control over countries it has liberated

44
Q

What did the west dislike about USSR

A

Soviet expansionism

Right to have a buffer zone

45
Q

When did breakdown of relations to iccur

A

1946-49

46
Q

What was the long telegram

A

A telegram sent to Washington from Moscow by American diplomatic George Kennan

47
Q

When was the long telegram

A

Feb 1946

48
Q

Who’s as George Kennan

A

Expert on soviet affairs who was sent to Moscow after the war

49
Q

What does Kennan refer to in the telegram

A

Soviet Union aims as “more dangerous and insidious than ever before”

50
Q

When was the iron curtain speech

A

March 1946

51
Q

Who did the iron curtain soeech

A

Churchill (ex-prime minister)

52
Q

What did the iron curtain speech entail

A

Describes how the iron curtain has descended on Europe

He spoke out of ‘communist fifth column’ in western and Southern Europe and advised strength in dealing with ussr

53
Q

When was Western Europe in crisis

A

By early 1947

54
Q

Why was Western European in crisis

A

Fears of economic collapse and political instability

55
Q

Which countries were in the most crisis (1947)

A

Italy and France and Greece

56
Q

Why did Italy and France struggle

A

Communist parties were very strong

57
Q

What was happening in Greece

A

Civil war

58
Q

When was the Truman doctrine

A

March 1947

59
Q

What was the Truman doctrines

A

Asserted new policy of containment of communism

60
Q

When was the Marshall plan

A

July 1947

61
Q

What’s as the Marshall plan

A

An interjection of aid to rebuild Europe

62
Q

What do many historians believe about the Marshall plan

A

It was used as a political weapon to extend American influence

63
Q

What set the context fro the Berlin crisis

A

When the communists took over Czechoslovakia

64
Q

When was the Berlin crisis

A

1948

65
Q

Where was their clear separation in Germany

A

Between the soviet zone and all other west zones

66
Q

Why did Stalin dislike the Marshall plan

A

Hostile to soviet interests

Worried US would rebuild economy in western Germany

67
Q

What were soviet bloc countries pressured to do

A

Reject aid of Marshall plan

68
Q

Who took over Czechoslovakian government and when

A 
Kliment Gotwald (leader of communists)
Feb 1948
69
Q

What did the Czech ‘success’ lead to

A

Increased division between east and west over Marshall plan

70
Q

Which zones did the soviet and the Allies get in Berlin

A

Allies got the west and soviet got the east

71
Q

What was Stalin especially annoyed about (relating to Berlin zones)

A

New currency was being established in the west in June 1948

72
Q

What did the Berlin zone issue lead to

A

The Berlin blockade

73
Q

When was the Berlin blockade

A

1948

74
Q

What initially happened in the Berlin blockade

A

All road and rail links were cut off from Berlin and the west

75
Q

What was Stalin’s plan, regarding the Berlin blockade

A

To force the US to settling the Berlin question on soviet terms

76
Q

Why did Stalin’s blockade plan fail

A

The Berlin airlift

77
Q

Who coordinated the Berlin airlift

A

US military governor, General Lucius Clay

78
Q

What was the Berlin airlift

A

Essential supplies were flew into West Berlin through the 1948/49 winter

79
Q

When was the blockade called off

A

After 318 days

80
Q

What did the end of the blockade confirm

A

Division between east and west

81
Q

What did Stalin think of NATO

A

He though it was a hostile act

82
Q

When was NATO established

A

1949

83
Q

What was the purpose of NATO

A

To defend the west against soviet aggression

84
Q

When was the first successful US atomic bomb

A

1945

85
Q

When was the USSRs first successful atomic bomb test

A

1949 (world power)

86
Q

What happened after the Chinese civil war

A

Communist party succeeded and Stalin met with Mao Zedong to discuss an alliance in Moscow

87
Q

What happened to mining production after the war

A

Less than half the level of 1940

88
Q

What happened to electrical power production after ww2

A

At 52% of 1940 level

89
Q

What happened to steel production after the war

A

45% of the 1940 level

90
Q

Tons of coal in 1945 and 1950

A

149.3 to 261.1

91
Q

Ron’s of steel in 1945 and 1950

A

12.3 to 27.3

92
Q

How many collective farms were ruined

A

98,000

93
Q

How many tractors were lost

A

137000

94
Q

What hindered agricultural recovery

A

A labour shortage

95
Q

What was the agricultural in 1946

A

Driest year since 1891 leading to failed harvests and famine

96
Q

What was agriculture like by 1953

A

Still unsatisfactory

97
Q

Grain lroduction from 1940 to 1952

A

1940- 95.6
1947- 65.9
1952- 92.2

98
Q

When did US test H bomb

A

1952

99
Q

How many more times powerful was the h bomb than the one dropped on Hiroshima

A

2500

100
Q

When did ussr test first h bomb

A

1953

Russia Assessment (2 decks)

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