After the Civil War

Question 1

13th amendment (year and what it was for)

Answer 1

Abolished slavery in the United States - 1865.

Question 2

14th amendment (year and what it was for)

Answer 2

1868, US born and naturalized citizens have federal rights and protections. “equal protection under the laws,”. Granting citizenship.

Question 3

15th amendment (year and what it was for)

Answer 3

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Granted African American men the right to vote in 1870.

Question 4

Political Revolution

Answer 4

A rapid, fundamental transformation of a society’s class, state, ethnic or religious structures.

Question 5

Radical Reconstruction

Answer 5

Congress’s attempt to put more restrictions on the South so freedmen were not denied their rights, killed in riots, nor made to suffer.

Question 6

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 6

To help people who were once slaves learn how to read and write. Get jobs.

Question 7

Civil Rights Act (year and what it was for)

Answer 7

14th amendments (Giving citizens of every race and color equal rights to make contracts, testify in court, purchase, hold and dispose of property, and enjoy full and equal benefit of all laws. It provided punishment for anyone denying this right to any citizen). 1866.

Question 8

Counter Revolution
Lost Cause Myth (what did that mean?)

Answer 8

A term that is coined by gone with the wind (they are the inheritors of the original ideas) Slave people lived decent lives like “family”, Continuing a tradition. An American pseudo historical and historical negationism myth that claims the cause of the Confederate States during the American Civil War was just, heroic, and not centered on slavery.

Question 9

Black Codes

Answer 9

Black Codes restricted black people’s right to own property, conduct business, buy and lease land, and move freely through public spaces. Southern states put into place to try to differentiate where black people now have other laws to follow.

Question 10

Stone mountain

Answer 10

Confederate monument

Question 11

Labor contracts

Answer 11

Had to be carried at all times or they would go to jail. Would result in “sharecropping” where white-land owners would give African Americans land to work on, but want a share of their earnings. The contract was supposed to be fair but it definitely wasn’t.

Question 12

Ku Klux Klan (KKK)

Answer 12

White supremacist, far-right terrorist organizations and hate groups.

Question 13

Ex- confederates (year and what they did)

Answer 13

1865.
Violent and illegal militias to enforce Black codes and intimidate Republicans.
Face off with federal troops and state militias.

Question 14

Red shirts

Answer 14

A group in South Carolina that would parade in every single county to try to intimidate black voters.

Question 15

White League

Answer 15

A white supremacy in Louisiana.

Question 16

End of Reconstruction
Compromise of 1877 (what happened?)

Answer 16

Under the compromise, Democrats controlling the House of Representatives allowed the decision of the Electoral Commission to take effect, securing political legitimacy for Hayes’s legal authority as President.
Presidential election between Samuel Tilden (D) and Rutherford B. Hayes (Republicans)
Tilden wins the popular vote, fraud in the South.
Hayes becomes president, and federal troops leave the South.
“This is the best it is going to get” taking the troops out caused Chaos.
Known as “The great betrayal”.

Question 17

Plessy V. Ferguson (what is the year and what did it establish?)

Answer 17

1896. “separate but equal” - Keep them apart but as long as the things are equal (which was not upheld).

Question 18

Mass violence and lynchings

Answer 18

They were often times celebrated and no was no accountability held.

Question 19

Lynching (what was it exactly?)

Answer 19

Spiked in the South in the 1880s. Punishing someone without due process (hangings, beatings, burned). It would usually be public killings and these people would be abducted or taken from their jail cells.
The texas rangers would Lynch Mexicans.

Question 20

Ida B. Wells (who was she? what was she known for?)

Answer 20

Led a prominent anti-lynching campaign. 1892 a lynching in Memphis took place and a white grocery store wanted to own a black grocery store and caught the store in fire because they wanted the store.
She was thrown off a train because she refused to give up her seat in the train.
She was a teacher and became a journalist.
She talked about how the men that were lynched in Memphis was not because they committed a crime (that they were falsely accused of) they were just good business men (grocery store).
Interracial relationships were not ALLOWED she argued that the relationships were consensual and not rape.
People begin to comply because they don’t want to be killed or “cause trouble”
Things started to go back to normal (slave times).

Question 21

Jesse Woodson James (what was he known for?)

Answer 21

He was a folk hero of the west. An American outlaw, bank and train robber, guerrilla and leader of the James–Younger Gang. Known as the robin hood of the west, they hated the railroads. Vigilantly against federal railroads organizations.

Question 22

Incorporation

Answer 22

Reconstruction / post-Civil War

Question 23

Economic

Answer 23

Modernizing everything adding railroads, roads, towns, and banks.

Question 24

Political

Answer 24

Allowing the territories to become states. Reservations and control over immigrants/ natives / emigrants.

Question 25

Legal

Answer 25

Establish and enforce laws. Who can come in and out.

Question 26

Indian Country

Answer 26

An imagined space by Americans and the federal government as a place that native americans can be relocated to. Because the groups cant co-exist with each other (they believed).

Question 27

Indian Wars (how long did they last? what are some things about them?)

Answer 27

(1860s-90s)
Settlers moving into the west disrupting their life, of course that makes them upset.
Groups have to move or be forced out, they may cross on to more native land, causing an issue there too.
Comanche was a powerful group.
Tribes started stealing from each other as well.
The US army tried to help but made it worse.

Question 28

Hanging of 38 Dakota (year and what happened?)

Answer 28

White settlers came looking for gold and such and killed native americans. President Abraham Lincoln reviewed the convictions and approved death sentences for 39 out of the 303. On December 26, 1862, 38 were hanged in Mankato, Minnesota, with one getting a reprieve, in the largest one-day mass execution in American history.

Question 29

Sand Creek Massacre (year and what happened?)

Answer 29

In 1864, the U. S. Army carried out a surprise attack on a non-combatant encampment of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians along the Big Sandy Creek in southeastern Colorado, killing about 160 men, women, and children, including elderly or infirm.

Question 30

“Battle” of the Washita (year and what happened?)

Answer 30

The Washita Massacre was a controversial military operation in the 1860s led by Lieutenant Colonel George Custer. Also called the Battle of the Washita, the massacre was a surprise attack on a sleeping village of Cheyenne Native Americans during the intense conflict between American settlers and the Native Americans.

Question 31

Wounded Knee Massacre (year and what happened?)

Answer 31

An important moment in history. They were doing the ghost dance and the US didn’t like that so they wanted to take their guns which was their only protection and way to eat. One man creates a fuss and a gun fires (no one knows who shot). The US officers kill a lot of the tribe. The people (who were dead) were just dumped in a pile. 1890, Pine Ridge, SD. US soldiers kill 250 Lakota Sioux men, women, and children. End of Indian Wars. A market transition moves away from forced violence to move the Indians and changes to the cultural..separation approach.

Question 32

Ghost stand revival

Answer 32

A way to try to physically respond to the massacre. If you pray and dance there will be a solution to this problem. They outlawed the dance because they were scared of it.

Question 33

Assimilation and Reservations
(what was the saying that described this?)

Answer 33

“Kill the Indian, Save the Man”

Question 34

Dawes Act of 1887

Answer 34

Break up the communities and try to americanize them.

Question 35

Allotments

Answer 35

Dividing the land and given to individuals between families or ½ if you are on your own.
The other 60% of land is taken by the Indians and is sold to white settlers. The US made them go into reservations.
Natives were forced to learn the ways of Americans.
Boarding schools were created and a lot of children were forced to go there.
Cultural genocide.
Forcing an End of “Indian Country”.

Question 36

White Resistance

Answer 36

Coming from the north east or places outside of the US. Variety of people moving west to live independently. They think they are fleeing from work and industries but wound up having to trade and sell to those companies they wanted to get away from.

Question 37

Pacific Railway Act (1862)

Answer 37

An idea of connecting the east and the west through railroads.
Transcontinental railroad through federal subsidies.

Question 38

Railroads = A symbol of corruption
Why?

Answer 38

The land that surrounds the railroad is more wanted.
These companies are wanting to make money (they don’t care about the workers).
Accidents were caused by the companies buying cheap materials.
The railroad companies owned the towns, grocery stores, and made money off of you EVERYWHERE.

Question 39

Early industrialization
Urbanization and immigration
(what are the 3 main things that it did?)

Answer 39

-Majority of people start living in cities rather than farms
- Breaks up how families run.
- Changed the standard of living.

Question 40

Labor and Capital

Answer 40

At the end of the 19th century, there was a profound debate about the nature of capitalism and who truly produces the wealth of the nation.
Titans of history!

Question 41

Frederick W. Taylor (what is he known for?)

Answer 41

He would sell himself as an efficiency expert. How they could make a workplace make more money. The workers were not being seen as human beings, just a cog in the machine. Peaked in the 1910s.
Efficiency and profit, not safety.

Question 42

Laborers (who were they?)

Answer 42

Everyone (that could work).
In 1890, 18% of American children worked.
1870-1920, 26 million immigrants.

Question 43

The Gilded Age

Answer 43

1860-1900, Mark Twain. On the outside everything looks great but if you really start to look into it, what you see underneath it is the people who live in poverty and work themselves to death. Minority is doing great! Majority is not doing as great.

Question 44

Boom and bust

Answer 44

A situation in which a period of great prosperity or rapid economic growth is abruptly followed by one of economic decline.

Question 45

Corporations and Trusts

Answer 45

Trusts are a way that individuals own property for personal and family purposes just as corporations are a way that individuals own property for business purposes.

Question 46

Social Darwinism

Answer 46

Herbert Spencer came up with the term in 1864.
Wealth inequality was natural.
Flowed to most deserving.
Let the weak die out and the strong come forth.

Question 47

The Labor Movement
Great Railroad Strike of 1877

Answer 47

Railroad bubble bursts, workers suffer.
East Coast to Midmest go on strike, stop US economy.
Federal troops support corporations.
Almost 100 strikers killed, $40 million in property destroyed.

Question 48

Knights of Labor

Answer 48

Pushing an idea or argument pushing the idea that the workers are who make the money not the bosses. 8hr work days and no child labor. Monitoring for anarchists.
1869.
Pennsylvania garment workers.
All races and genders except Chinese.
1886 Chicago protest and the Haymarket Square Riot.

Question 49

Labor’s accomplishments:

Answer 49

8-hour workday
Weekends off
End of child labor
Workman’s comp
Safety and regulation
Minimum wage
Insurance