After mid-term

Question 1

The space of places

Answer 1

Physical world where people live their day-to-day lives

Question 2

The space of flows

Answer 2

Where increasingly city life and the work of the new global economy is conducted

Question 3

The space of flows

Answer 3

Castells - Where increasingly city life and the work of the new global economy is conducted

Question 4

Mobility

Answer 4

Stout - Not just moving in and out or around the physical space of cities - but exploring and utilizing ‘the space of flows’ of the world city (network)

Question 5

Stone

Answer 5

How internal features of a governing arrangement fit together to persue an agenda

Question 6

Atlanta

Answer 6

Stone - Biracial coalition of governamental and white non-governmental (economic) actors governed

Question 7

Governance emperical meaning

Answer 7

Form government to governance. From state to private-public-civil society

Question 8

Governance analytical meaning

Answer 8

The process of coodinating actors, social groups, and institutions to attain particular goals discussed and defined collectively in fragmented, uncertain environments

Question 9

Neoliberalism

Answer 9

• Government taking a step back and let the market do its thing
• ‘A theory of political economic practices that proposed that human well-being can be best advances by liberating individual entrepreneurial freedoms and skills within an institutional framework characterised by strong private property rights, free market and free trade

Question 10

Classic liberalism

Answer 10

Reaching society’s best interest through:
- Individual freedom
- Unfetted market
- Non-interventionist state, exept pretect individual rights, libetry and property

Question 11

Neoliberal ideology

Answer 11

• Market ensures that everyone gets what they deserve
• Individual citizren are seen as active subjects responsible for enhancing their own well-being
• Anything that isn’t privatised, isn’t effective

Question 12

Neoliberal shift

Answer 12

• Financial cutbacks in central government transfers
• Shift to more business-like practices
• Public-private partnerships

Question 13

Ladder of citizen participation

Answer 13

Arnstein
Nonparticipation - Manipulation and Therapy
Tokenism - Informing, consultation, Placation
Citizen power - Partnership, Delegated power

Question 14

Arnstein

Answer 14

Favours empowering individuals and communities by involving them directly in planning and decision making - They are the real experts

Question 15

Davidoff

Answer 15

favours skilled proffesionals advocating on bahalf of powerless clients - serve client

Question 16

Equity planning

Answer 16

Seeks faireness or equity among different social groups as the overactig goal of every plan

Question 17

Forester

Answer 17

Planner serves public interest - focus on skills and roles for conflict solving

Question 18

Right to the city

Answer 18

People who feel excluded should strive for the collective right to shape everything about the city

Question 19

Accumulation by dispossesion

Answer 19

Creative destruction hurts the poor and allows the rich to profit even during the next boom

Question 20

Right to the city - reaction Wirth, Madanipour, Jacobs

Answer 20

Wirth - right to the city is a response of alienation
Madanipour - Parallels to the nature of exclusion of some groups in the city
Jacobs - Celebrates the quality of low income urban neighbourhoods because of rich cultural diversity

Question 21

Madanipour

Answer 21

Multiple dimensions of social exclusion - in cities and the past

Question 22

Dimensions of social exclusion

Answer 22

Economic exclusion - Lack of decent income, unemployed, trapped in low-income jobs
Political exclusion - Denied access to power, voting
Cultural exclusion - Based on language, religion, ethnicity

Question 23

Growth Machines

Answer 23

Molotch - Economic growth oriented coalitions that dominate decision making
- controlled by elite group - business leaders, propperty owners
- Members of the growth machine have different priorities but all want to foster a good business climate that retains and attracts business

Question 24

Space

Answer 24

A fundamental dimension that ‘expresses’ urban society

Question 25

Information age

Answer 25

Characterized by a network society

Question 26

Theoratical approach to cities along three axes

Answer 26

Function - Dynamic opposition between the electronic global and the face-to-face local
Meaning - Complex relationship between ‘individualism’ (personla identity) and ‘communalism’ (shared identities of ethnic, social class and culture)
Form - product of interaction and conflict between physical and online dimention of space

Question 27

Madanipour and castells

Answer 27

Madanipour - social exclusion similar to Castells exclusion by spatial seperation

Question 28

Castells and Mumford

Answer 28

Urbanity, street life and civic culture should be as important to urban planners as ‘economic competitiveness’
- Mumford - Urban drama

Question 29

Sassen

Answer 29

Analyze data on information, technology, economies, organization of physical space in the most advanced cities and metropolitial regions in the world - Global city

Question 30

Global city

Answer 30

Advanced cities where international financial functions concentrate

Question 31

Corporate service complexes

Answer 31

Sophisticated networks of skilled professionals serving international corporations - clustered in global cities

Question 32

Sassen and Engels

Answer 32

Corporations pull bilions of dollars out of a country and redirect funds to another - The concentraion of great wealth in hands of a few and severe dislocations in the lives of the many - Production and retailing become more dispersed - economic inequality is sharply increasing

Question 33

Taylor

Answer 33

Alternative approaches to the study of the global urban system - GaWC

Question 34

GaWC group

Answer 34

Globalisation and World Cities research network
- Analysis of contemporary world city network
- Comarative historical studies of urban networks as far back as 16th century
- Theories of the generic processes of urban social transformation
Study these realtions between the global

Question 35

GaWC model

Answer 35

Study these relations between the global cities by constructing network models - Reveal several levels of hierarchy
The global economy dominated by these networked global cities encourages a ‘continously expanding’ that he finds ‘hugely inequitable and frightenigly unsustainable’

Question 36

Placemaking

Answer 36

The process through which we collectively shape or public realm to maximize shared value

Question 37

Project for public space

Answer 37

PPS argues that making a good public place involves cultural, economic, social and ecological principles
Emphazises the importance of citizen participarion (Arnstein) - People who live, work and play in a area are the real ‘experts’ on how it may be inproved to best meet the local needs

Question 38

Urban design

Answer 38

Considers social and economic factors and how a design fits other aspects of planning

Question 39

Urban planning

Answer 39

Involves formulating goals and policies for an entire city and may invlove preparation of land use, transportation, environmental, neighbourhoods and other plans

Question 40

Whyte

Answer 40

Study park and plaza use to help draft a comprehensive urban design plan to improve - Street Life Project

Question 41

Observing urban drama

Answer 41

Mumford and Whyte

Question 42

Street Life Project

Answer 42

Amount of sittable space, food venders, open relationship to the street
Women are more discriminating to where they sit - High proportion of women - good park

Question 43

Whyte and Spain

Answer 43

How does gender effect public space?