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Carpentry EOPA (none of this was on my eopa) > after failing, studying for retake > Flashcards

after failing, studying for retake Flashcards

1
Q

what fasteners is used for trim?

A

nails and screws

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2
Q

CL meaning on blueprint

A

center line

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3
Q

what dimension do you use to cut a rafter

A

line length (but from what I see that doesn’t count overhang)
pitch (using framing square)

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4
Q

what is a dormer?

A

projects vertically from a sloped roof, usually a window

provides additional living space

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5
Q

what is the spacing between rafters

A

24” OC

rafter locations marked on plate

may be less, but not more (usually 16”-24”, but sometimes 12”-24”)

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6
Q

rafter

Ridgeboard

A

highest horizontal roof member
helps align rafters + tie together @ upper end.
one size larger than rafters

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7
Q

rafters

common rafter

A

from top plate to ridge
perpendicular to wall plate & ridge
often go past top plate (overhang) to protect building’s sides

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8
Q

rafters

hip rafter

A

diagonally from outside corner of top plate to ridge

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9
Q

rafters

valley rafter

A

inside corner of top plate to ridge
along lines where to roofs intersect

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10
Q

rafters

Jack rafter

A

doesn’t go entire distance from ridge to top plate

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11
Q

rafters

plate

A

rests on top of wall studs
top plate or double top plate
sometimes called rafter plate

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12
Q

rafters

span

A

horizontal distance from outside of one exterior wall to outside of opposite exterior wall

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13
Q

rafters

run

A

outside of top plate to centerline of ridge board

usually = 1/2 of span

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14
Q

rafters

rise

A

total height of rafter from top of plate to top of ridge

inches per foot of run

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15
Q

rafters

pitch

A

angle or degree of slope of roof in relation to span

expressed as a fraction

total rise = 6’ span = 24’ pitch = 1/4 (6/24)

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16
Q

rafters

slope

A

inclination of roof surface
relationship of rise to run

stated as unit of rise to so many horizontal units

roof w/ rise of 5” for each foot of run is said to have a 5-in-12 slope.
sometimes called roof cut

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17
Q

rafters

unit rise

A

number of inches the rafter rises vertically for each foot of run

greater rise = greater slope

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18
Q

rafters

cripple jack rafter

A

rafter fitted between hip rafter + valley rafter
touches neither ridge nor plate

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19
Q

rafters

first step in determining correct length of rafter

A

finding unit rise

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20
Q

rafters

rafter square

A

lengths per foot of run for each type of rafter

tongue - 16”
blade(or body) - 24”

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21
Q

rafters

speed square

A

protractor + miter square

Outer Triangle
7” scale
90-degree scale
T-bar

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22
Q

rafters

pitch vs slope

A

slope is amount of rise per foot of run (number in 12)
pitch is ratio of rise to span of roof (fraction)

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23
Q

rafter

4 steps in determining length of a common rafter

A
  1. Building Span /2 = run
  2. find rise (multiply span by pitch, or find it on slope diagram of roof plan)
  3. total rise” / run’ = rise per foot of run
  4. look up required length on rafter tables on rafter square

finding slope

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24
Q

laying out rafters

main three tasks of laying out framing for a roof

A
  1. Laying out rafter locations on the top plate
  2. determining the length of each rafter
  3. Laying out and cutting the rafters
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25
# Laying out rafters 6 steps in laying out rafter locations
1. locate first rafter flush with one end of top plate 2. measure thickness of rafter. mark & square a line the thickness of a rafter in from the end. 3. use measuring tape to space off & mark rafter locations every 24" until the end of top plate. square the lines acrosss top of plate. 4. repeat process on opposite top plate, starting from the same end as before. 5. cut the ridgeboard to length, allowing for a barge rafter at each end, if required. 6. place ridgeboard on the top plate and mark for correct position. then measure and mark the rafter locations with an R on the ridgeboard.
26
# laying out rafters 2 methods of laying out and cutting common rafters
rafter square speed square
27
# laying out rafters speed square method | 8 steps
1. lumber little longer than required, place on sawhorses with crown and top edge of rafter stock facing away from you. rafter will be cut for building 24'wide with 4"rise per foot of run. length of rafter from center of ridgeboard to seat cut (birds mouth) will be 12'-73/4". overhang would be added to this. 2. to mark top plumb cut start @ right hand end of board. use speed square with 4 mark lined up with top edge of rafter to draw a line. from long point of this mark use a tape measure along top edge of rafter to lay out the length required and make a mark. 3. to mark plumb cut of birds mouth, place the speed square with pivot point against that mark, and move the square so the 4 is even with the edge. draw line, this line represents the outside wall of your building and will establish the vertical seat cut (birds mouth) or plumb cut. 4. reverse spped square so the short line at edge of square is even with the lower edge of the rafter. 5. draw second line at right angle to plumb line. this line establishes completed birds mouth seat cut. 6. top and bottom cuts have been established for the total length of the rafter. if using a ridgeboard,make sure to deduct one hald of thickness of ridgeboard from top plumb cut. if overhang is needed, it should be measured at right angles to the plumb cut of the birds mouth seat cut. 7. place square against top edge of rafter, lining up 4 and marking it. 8. if a bottom or vertical cut is required, follow the procedures for cutting the horizontal cut of the birds mouth seat cut.
28
# laying out rafters rafter square method | 5 steps
1. lumber little longer than needed rafter length, including tail. if lumber has crown or bow, it should be at top of rafter. lay rafter on sawhorse with crown at top. 2. start by marking the ridge plumb cut using rafter square. be sure to subtract half the thickness of the ridgeboard. make the cut 3. measure the length of the rafter from the plumb cut mark to the end (excludes tail) and mark bird's mouth plumb cut. reposition the rafter square and mark bird's mouth seat cut. 4. make the end plumb cut, then cut out the bird's mouth. cut the bird's mouth part of the way with circular saw, then use handsaw to finish cuts. 5. check the first rafter to ensure the proper fit. Use that first rafter as a template for remaining rafters. As the rafters are cut, stand them against the building at the joist locations.
29
# laying out rafters barge rafter
gable end roof member that extends beyond gable to support a decorative end piece. also referred to as a fly rafter.
30
# laying out rafters false fascia
board attached to tails of rafters to straighten and space the rafters and provide a railing surface for the fascia, also called subfascia and rough fascia.
31
what is a bird's mouth
v-shaped notch cut into bottom of a rafter, so it can sit sit securely &@ the roght angle on a wall plate or ridgeboard
32
bird's mouth cut
when making cut, depth should not exceed 1/3 of the width of the rafter
33
what is a plumb cut
vertical cut @ top of rafter, to fit against ridgeboard or wall plate, ensuring precise and stable connection.
34
# stair measurements stairway width
35" min
35
# stair measurements tread depth
10" min
36
# stair measurements riser height
7-3/4" max
37
# stair measurements headroom
80" min
38
# stiar measurements nosing
3/4" min 1-1/4" max
39
# stair measurements vertical rise
12' max between floors or landings
40
# stair measurements handrail height
34" min 38" max
41
what is nosing
projection of tread beyond riser
42
# rafters to determine number of rafters you need, ...
count the marks on both sides of the ridge or top plates.
43
# rafters the distance between the last two rafters...
may be less than 24", but not more than 24"
44
# pythagorean theorem pythagorean theorem
a^2 + b^2 = c^2 | 3-4-5 triangle ratio
45
# pythagorean theorem right triangle ratios
3-4-5 9-12-15 12-16-20 15-20-25 30-40-50 48-64-80
46
# pythagorean theorem right triangle legs 21' & 28' ## Footnote 14,24,35,42
35'
47
What is OSB used for?
wall and roof sheathing, and single-floor construction
48
measurement of double top plate hangover
24" minimum
49
# rafters other ways to find rafter length
1. measure the distance between and on rafter quare blade and 12 on tongue, and multiple this by the run. 2. rafter square step-off method: ridge plumb cut is determined, rafter sqaure is stepped once for every foot of run, final step marks plumb cut for the bird's mouth, is not as precise.
50
# determine rise 40'span x 1/4 pitch
10'rise
51
how to find board feet
number of pieces x thickness" x width" x length' /12
52
what comes with a lumber delivery
lumber ordered in flat bed truck with a forklift for unloading
53
Gypsum
chalky material, is a main ingredient in plaster and gypsum board
54
butt joint
simplest joint: square cut edge is placed against another material to make 90° angle
55
galvanized
protected from corrosion (rust) by a zinc coating
56
board foot
lumber quantity measure = a piece of lumber 1" thick, 12" wide, 1' long
57
penny
measure of nail length, abbreviated with the letter 'd'
58
nail set
punch-like tool used to recess finish nails
59
front setback
distance from property line to front of building
60
cornice
part of a roof that projects beyond a wall
60
furring
strips of wood or metal on wall or surface to make it level , form air space, or provide a fastening surface for finish covering
61
bottom chord
the lower member of a truss
62
ribband
1x4 nailed to ceiling joists at center of span to prevent twisting and bowing of the joists
63
strongback
L-shaped arrangement of lumber used to support ceiling joists and keep them in alignment
64
jamb
top & side members of a door or window frame that come into contact with the door or window
65
stick-built framing
method in which framing members are installed one at a time
66
purlin
horizontal roof support parallel to plate and is installed the plate and ridgeboard
67
lookout
structural member used to frame an overhang
68
tag line
cord or rope attached to a large unit that is being positioned by a crane, to assist in guiding the member into proper position
69
tiedown
metal anchoring device used to fasten framing members to one another
70
spreader bar
rigging device used when lifting large members with a crane
71
open weld steel joist
steel joist, aka bar joist, used to support roof loads
72
shim
narrow piece of wood or composite material used to plumb or level a door or window
73
expansion strip
resilient material added to a joint to allow expansion & contraction of adjacent materials while minimizing cracking
74
truss
triangular units of arranged members to support and distribute loads over a span
75
cape cod
classic american house style: rectangular shape, steep side-gabled roof, 1 to 1-1/2 stories, central chimney symetrical facade
76
Bird's Mouth seat cut vs plumb cut
seat cut is the horizontal one and plumb cut is the vertical one
77
What does a plumb cut look like?
the vertical cut at the end of a rafter
78
What does Bird's Mouth cut look like?
90° cut out of a rafter
79
On the drawing, which cuts are plumb cuts?
the yellow-highlighted ones/the vertical ones on each end of the rafter and in birds mouth
80
on the drawing which cuts are the bird's mouth?
the blue-highlighted ones/the two cuts that make a 90° cut out on a rafter
81
what does a butt joint look like
L shape, end of one piece is againstside of other piece

Carpentry EOPA (none of this was on my eopa) (5 decks)

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