After Confederation Flashcards
What role did women have at the Charlottetown Conference?
Some of the colony leads would talk about what was happening with their wives and ask for their wives opinions. Also, the wives were there to make their husbands look good.
At the Quebec Conference, one of the major items discussed was dividing responsibilities between the federal government and the provincial governments, the federal government would be responsible for some things and provincial governments responsible for different things. Why was this important?
This was important because it allows some of the smaller provinces to have a say in what happened in their Provence instead of Ottawa telling them what to do. Also, it allowed the Federal Government to have fewer things to focus on while running the country.
At the Quebec Conference it was decided that the federal government would consist of 2 houses, what were they and how would they work?
The two houses were the House of Commons where their leaders were elected by the people and there was the Senate, the members for Senate were elected by the Prime Minister. The House of Commons was the lower house and Senate the Upper.
On July 1, 1867 Canada became a country, what were the 4 provinces that made up Canada on that day?
- Nova Scotia
- New Brunswick
- Ontario (formerly Canada West)
- Quebec (formerly Canada East)
When was the Charlottetown Conference?
September 1864
When was the Quebec Conference?
October 1864
When was the London (England) Conference?
December 1866
What representatives (colonies) attended the Charlottetown conference?
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
PEI
The Canadas (East and West)
What representatives (colonies) attended the Quebec conference?
Canada West
Canada East
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
PEI
Newfoundland
What representatives (colonies) attended the London (England) conference?
Canada West
Canada East
Nova Scotia
New Brunswick
British government
Queen Victoria
What happened at the Charlottetown conference?
- Maritimes wanted to access new trade partners
- Originally to discuss a Maritime Union
- The Canadas offer a wider union with the Canadas and the Maritime Colonies
- They agree to meet again the following month in Quebec City
What happened at the Quebec Conference?
- Newfoundland decides not to join - loyal to England
- PEI can’t join - don’t own their own land
- The framework for the Dominion of Canada was agreed upon - 2 houses of government, The House of Commons and the Senate.
- The federal and provincial system was worked out - federal government would deal with issues that affected multiple provinces or other countries, provincial governments would be responsible for things that only impacted the province
What happened at the London (England) Conference?
- The British North America Act was drafted
- It was agreed that on July 1, 1867 The new country known as the Dominion of Canada would be created, governed by the elected and appointed leaders within Canada but the monarchy of England would still be the head of the government and would have final say over any decisions
Who were the Metis?
The metis were primarily French-speaking and catholic, they were Protestant settlers of Scottish and English descent and indigenous heritage. Later they were identified as their own distinct group.
Why did Louis Riel set up a provincial government?
He set up a provincial government because he wanted local governing. So people from places like Manitoba weren’t being told what to do from Ottawa. He wanted rights for the people living in-what is today Southern Manitoba. He felt that establishing a government would give the Metis more bargaining power.
Were the Métis treated fairly by the government? Explain your answer
No, the metis weren’t treated fairly. Their claims for land were ignored or delayed for so long that the European settlers had already taken their land.
Explain the Pacific Scandal
The pacific scandal was when John. A. Macdonald asked for campaign donations to help his party win the election. Sir Hugh Allan, a person often considered to be the richest person in Canada at the time, and who was also a railway builder donated $350,000 to Macdonald’s campaign. Macdonald won in 1873. Then, Allan’s company won the contract to build the transcontinental railway.
Later, a rival politician discovered evidence that Macdonald took a bribe from Allan.
What were the key points of Macdonald’s National Policy?
- Have the prairie farms grow crops for Eastern Canada, have Eastern Canada build equipment for the prairie farms, for this he would need the railway.
- Fill the rich prairies with settlers
- Raise tariffs on foreign made goods coming into Canada, this made Canadian made goods cheaper to consumers and created jobs
Explain the importance of Chinese Labour in building the railway
The importance of Chinese Labour was that the Chinese workers were the people who constructed the most dangerous and challenging parts of the railway. One of these jobs was to light explosives to blast tunnels. These Chinese workers were paid $1.00 per day, while the white workers were paid $1.50.
What impact did the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) have on Canada (positive and negative)?
Positive: It was easy fast travel across the country, it opened up the west for settlement, and it created a trade route
Negative: Trains brought more settlers to the west, who took more of the First Nations land. Natural Habitat was destroyed to build the railway (e.g swamps were filled in.)
How did the settlers moving into western Canada affect the way the First Nations people lived?
The settlers hunted the buffalo to near extinction. This forced the First Nation people to give up their traditional nomadic lifestyles and take up farming.
What impact did the residential schools have on First Nations families?
The Residential Schools had a very negative impact on the First Nation families. Children were removed as young as 4 years old and taken to the schools. In these schools the children were forbidden from speaking their own language and practicing their own religion. The children often suffered abuse in these schools.
Why was the North West Mounted Police force created?
The North-West Mounted Police (NWMP) was created to ensure the First Nations people followed the Indian act
They were also responsible for upholding the law of Canada in prairies and to control the illegal whiskey trade out west.
Why do you think a police force was created instead of using the army?
The government wanted to create a police force instead if using the army out west because of the different ways that the 2 groups would approach a situation
The military is trained to kill, whereas the police are trained to investigate and uphold the law. The government wanted to be seen as protecting the people out west, not intimidating them to uphold the law.
