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Anaesthesia and Fluid Therapy > AFT > Flashcards

AFT Flashcards

1
Q

Define anaesthesia

A

a state with lack of sensitivity to painful stimuli

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2
Q

Define general anaesthesia

A

a state of unconsciousness produced bu anaesthetic drugs with the absence of pain over the whole body

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3
Q

Define local anaesthesia

A

insensibility caused by an interruption of sensory nerve conduction in any body region

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4
Q

define sedation

A

the allaying of irratibility or excitement

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5
Q

Define anixolysis

A

Reduced anxiety

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6
Q

DEFINE ANALGESIA

A

reduced sensibility to pain

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7
Q

define narcosis

A

sleep like state

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8
Q

define hypnosis

A

artificially induced state of passivity

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9
Q

State the legal acts supporting anaesthesia

A 
Protection of animals (anaethesia) act
Misuse of drugs act and misuse of drug regulations
medicine regulations act
the veterinary surgeons act
animals (scientific procedures) Act
health and safety legislation
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10
Q

What does a balanced anaesthesia consist of?

A

reflex suppression, muscle relaxation and unconsciousness

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11
Q

What factors influence anaesthesia?

A

Animal (species,age,weight,temperment, health), planned procedure, team experience, drugs/facilities avaliable

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12
Q

What is assessed for anaesthesia?

A

full history and clinical exam, pre-anaesthetic fasting, previous anaesthetics, procedure confirmation, previous/current illness, current medication, vaccination status

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13
Q

state some common breed dispositions which may affect anaesthesia

A

persian cats - polycystic kidney disease
giant dog breeds - DCM, atrial fibrilation
bulldogs - brachycephalic airway disease
sighthounds - altered barbituates metabolism
Exopthalmus breeds (pugs) - cornreal ulceration

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14
Q

what may affect anaesthesia in young animals?

A

poorly developed renal/hepatic function, immature cardiovascular function, prone to hypothermia, prone to hypoglycaemia

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15
Q

Define ASA classification

A

Describes the animals physical status
ASA 1 - normal healthy animal
ASA 2 - mild systemic disease
ASA 3 - systemic disease - controlled by treatmen
ASA 4 - severe uncompensated systemic disease
ASA 5 - unlikely to survive 24hours
E - case of emergency

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16
Q

Describe the differences between drug administration types

A

IM - painful,easier than IV, slower onset, only calculated doses
IV - rapid onset time, dose to effect, difficult to administer
SC - unreliable absorption, slow onset
inhalation - stressful, easy to administer, longer onset, risk of regurg/aspiration

17
Q

What makes an ideal injectable agent?

A

rapid onset, non-irritant, good analgesia and muscle relaxation, noncumulative, minimal cardiopulmonary effects, rapidly metabolised and eliminated.

18
Q

State the properties of propofol

A
  • milk coloured emulsion
  • with or without bacteriostat
  • propofol plus has shelf life of 28 days due to addition of benzyl alcohol
  • phenol, rapid onset and elmination, non-cumulative in dogs, no analgesia, fair muscle relaxation, post induction apnoea common, hypertension
19
Q

State the properties of alfaxalone

A
  • steroid anaesthetic
  • clear solution as solublised in cyclodextrin
  • non-irritant, rapid onset, metabolism and elimination, non-cumulative, respiratory depression, preserves baroreceptor tone, high therapeutic index
20
Q

State the properties of ketamine

A
  • dissociative anaesthetic
  • poor muscle relaxation, reflexes maintained, sympathetic stimulation, maintains cardiovascular/ respiratory function, analgesia, slowonset, non-cumulative, Iv only in horses, Im/IV cat, increases intraocular pressure and intracranial pressure
21
Q

state the properties of thiopental

A
  • barbituate
  • alkaline
  • perivascular tissue necrosis
  • prolonged recovery in sighthounds
  • moderate cardiopulmonary depression
  • difficult to obtain
22
Q

What are the properties of an ideal inhalation agent?

A

non-irritant, rapid uptake and elmination, non toxic, good muscle relaxation, non flammable and chemically stable, easily vaporised, good analgesia, minimal cardiopulmonary effects.

23
Q

What is the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC)?

A

the concentration required to prevent purposeful movement in response to supra maximal noxious stimulants in 50% of subjects.

24
Q

Mask or chamber?

A

Chamber

  • less handling
  • difficult to visualise animal
  • easier to scavenge
  • no increase in dead space
  • potential for aspiration/regurg

Mask

  • handling required - stressful
  • easier to visualise patient
  • close fitting mask needed
  • increased dead space
  • potential for regurg/aspiration
25
Q

state the properties of isoflurane

A

MAC - 1.4-1.6%, irritant to mucous membranes, rapid induction and recovery, peripheral vasodilation, poor analgesia

26
Q

state the properties of sevoflurane

A

MAC - 2.1-26%
non-irritant
poor analgesia
rapid onset and recovery

27
Q

state the properties of nitrous oxide

A

stored as liquid
MAC >100% so only used to supplement anaesthesia
good analgesia
insoluble so rapid uptake and elimination

28
Q

What are the main features of anaesthetic machines?

A

Pressure gauge, pressure regulator, flowmeters, vaporisers, oxygen flush, scavenging

29
Q

What is the difference between passive and active scavenging?

A

passive scavenging - charcoal canister or airbreak and outside
Active - fan or pump

30
Q

state how you would do an anaesthetic machine check

A 
connect scavenging
turn on O2/ nitrous oxide
set fresh gas flow
turn O2 cylinder off
insert O2 pipeline hose
Turn off nitrous oxide
O2 flush
system leak check
turn off O2
visual vaporiser check
check circuit
31
Q

what are the properties of ET tubes?

A

rubber,plastic, silicon and PVC
cuffed or uncuffed
connector at level if incisor arcade and tip at point f shoulder

32
Q

Dog ET tube?

A

10mm for 20kg dog, cuffed

33
Q

Cat ET tube?

A

prone to laryngospasm so local anaesthetic needed

adult cat 5mm uncuffed tube

34
Q

how do you confirm an ET tube is in place?

A

tube fogging, capnograph CO2 and visulisation

Anaesthesia and Fluid Therapy (2 decks)

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