African Trypanosomiasis Flashcards
What AT Parasites that affect humans?
T.Brucei Rhodiense
T.Brucei Gambiense
The following 3 don’t cause disease in humans but prevent cattle from being raised for many miles of land
T. Brucei Brucei
T. Brucei Vivax
T.Brucei Congloense
Common Name
Sleeping Sickness
Vector
TseTse Fly, T. Gambiense (palpaslis, fuscipies), T.Rhodiense (Mortisans, Fuscipies)
Infectious Stage
Metacyclic Trypomastigotes
Stumpy form affects tsetse fly
Transmission
Vector, blood transfusion, transplacental, raw meat
Location
blood stream and body fluids, multiply via binary fission
Stages of Disease
Chancre, Hemolymphatic, Meningoencepholatic
Diagnosis
identify parasite in blood, concentration techniques
Treatment
Rhodiense: For CNS Melarsoprol and for Hemolymphatic Suramine
Gambiense: For CNS Elflornithine and for HL Pentamidine
What is importance of VSG?
When VSG surface coat lost by fly antigens are susceptible to antibodies- if we can destroy antigens during this stage, can prevent transfer to host
Control
vector control like blue cloth traps, surveillance, insecticide
can breed trypanotolerant livestock but they are small
use symbionts, wigglesworthia (abscence causes sterile flies) and sodalis( impact efficiency and logetivity of fly)
Unique Characteristic of Tse Tse flies
hatchet wing
What decreases control measures?
Civil Unrest
Kinetoplast
Dic shaped organelle containing DNA [maxihomo mini hetero]
Disease of animals is called this in Africa
Nagana
Why does this parasite have tremendous econimic impact?
800,000 km of land unable to use for raising cattle
cattle deaths, reduction in herd size, milk production and calving
They give you disease via saliva, therefore are called
Salivarian Hemoflagelettes- depend on blood
APOL1
protects against sleeping sickness, but gives you chronic kidney disease
Facts about flies
like slow moving objects, only feed on humans when absolutely have to
as few as 10 needed to cause infection
During hemolymphatic stage sympotms of gambiense include
winterbottom’s sign (inflammation of eye)
During meningocephalic stage stage sympotms o include
facies (mask like face), involvement of CNS
What are astrocytes and why are they important
Macrophages in brain
produce somnogenic subastance that alter sleeping patters (hence name sleeping sickness)
Why don’t antibodies produced by body get rid of disease?
antibody response is not sufficient to eliminate disease due to VAT( variant organisms antigenic type) aka, parasite just produces different antigens everytime and body can’t keep up with producing antibodies for all the different ones
