African Trypanosomiasis

Question 1

What AT Parasites that affect humans?

Answer 1

T.Brucei Rhodiense

T.Brucei Gambiense

Question 2

The following 3 don’t cause disease in humans but prevent cattle from being raised for many miles of land

Answer 2

T. Brucei Brucei
T. Brucei Vivax
T.Brucei Congloense

Question 3

Common Name

Answer 3

Sleeping Sickness

Question 4

Vector

Answer 4

TseTse Fly, T. Gambiense (palpaslis, fuscipies), T.Rhodiense (Mortisans, Fuscipies)

Question 5

Infectious Stage

Answer 5

Metacyclic Trypomastigotes

Stumpy form affects tsetse fly

Question 6

Transmission

Answer 6

Vector, blood transfusion, transplacental, raw meat

Question 7

Location

Answer 7

blood stream and body fluids, multiply via binary fission

Question 8

Stages of Disease

Answer 8

Chancre, Hemolymphatic, Meningoencepholatic

Question 9

Diagnosis

Answer 9

identify parasite in blood, concentration techniques

Question 10

Treatment

Answer 10

Rhodiense: For CNS Melarsoprol and for Hemolymphatic Suramine
Gambiense: For CNS Elflornithine and for HL Pentamidine

Question 11

What is importance of VSG?

Answer 11

When VSG surface coat lost by fly antigens are susceptible to antibodies- if we can destroy antigens during this stage, can prevent transfer to host

Question 12

Control

Answer 12

vector control like blue cloth traps, surveillance, insecticide
can breed trypanotolerant livestock but they are small
use symbionts, wigglesworthia (abscence causes sterile flies) and sodalis( impact efficiency and logetivity of fly)

Question 13

Unique Characteristic of Tse Tse flies

Answer 13

hatchet wing

Question 14

What decreases control measures?

Answer 14

Civil Unrest

Question 15

Kinetoplast

Answer 15

Dic shaped organelle containing DNA [maxihomo mini hetero]

Question 16

Disease of animals is called this in Africa

Answer 16

Nagana

Question 17

Why does this parasite have tremendous econimic impact?

Answer 17

800,000 km of land unable to use for raising cattle

cattle deaths, reduction in herd size, milk production and calving

Question 18

They give you disease via saliva, therefore are called

Answer 18

Salivarian Hemoflagelettes- depend on blood

Question 19

APOL1

Answer 19

protects against sleeping sickness, but gives you chronic kidney disease

Question 20

Facts about flies

Answer 20

like slow moving objects, only feed on humans when absolutely have to
as few as 10 needed to cause infection

Question 21

During hemolymphatic stage sympotms of gambiense include

Answer 21

winterbottom’s sign (inflammation of eye)

Question 22

During meningocephalic stage stage sympotms o include

Answer 22

facies (mask like face), involvement of CNS

Question 23

What are astrocytes and why are they important

Answer 23

Macrophages in brain

produce somnogenic subastance that alter sleeping patters (hence name sleeping sickness)

Question 24

Why don’t antibodies produced by body get rid of disease?

Answer 24

antibody response is not sufficient to eliminate disease due to VAT( variant organisms antigenic type) aka, parasite just produces different antigens everytime and body can’t keep up with producing antibodies for all the different ones