African History 1 Flashcards
Hutu
Came in year 1000 and were darker skinned.
Twa
Original people of Rwanda now only 1% of the population.
Tutsi
Came in the 1300s and brought cattle with them.
Hamitic controversy
Blacks were the cursed people passed down from Noah’s youngest son.
Mwami
A Tutsi king chosen by the gods.
Kalinga
A drum made from genitals of their enemies.
Kigeri IV
Held off the Europeans then people tried to take over so he got helped from the Germans.
Mutara II
Established the present day boundaries.
Biru
Council of guardians- holy men of charge super natural affairs.
Batware
Council and war chiefs, land chiefs, cattle chiefs, military chiefs.
German influence
Germans called Tutsis gods people and Hutus evolved from the earth.
Belgian influence
Harsh rulers. Church was reserved for Tutsis. They also received 8 lashes everyday by Tutsis.
Corvey
8 lashes given at the beginning of every day by Tutsis.
Yuhi v
The last good king. Wouldn’t change to catholisism.
Mutara III
Son of Yuhi v and he killed his dad to help the Belgians. And gave race cards and only Tutsis could go to school.
Impact of WWII
A lot of countries wanted independence. Rwanda wanted it and Belgium resisted. So they reached out to the Hutus and stabbed the Tutsis in the back.
MDR democratic republican movement.
Led by Gregorie kayibanda. Hutus topple Tutsi government.
Wind of destruction.
Rwanda was not a stable state. And Tutsi massacres were in place.
Programs
State sponsored massacres.
Juvenal habyarimana
A military leader that wanted to take over and bring back the golden age. He reached out to French for help.
National revolutionary movement for development MRND
Created one political party to try to bring people together.
Idi Amin
Very very harsh leader of Uganda who didn’t allow Rwanda refugees.
Arusha peace accords
Called for power sharing. Hutus president and Tutsi vp.
Akazu views
Main advisors to habiarimana. Military ran and didn’t want to share power. Cause of genocide.
Rwandan cival war
Tutsis flowing back into Rwanda and formed the Rwandan patriotic front. British gave help to the Tutsis and French gave help to the Hutus.
Dark continent
Africa was not known because it was not explored very much.
Don boscoe massacure
2000 Tutsi were massacred at a church after begging the belgiums to shoot them first.
Operation turquoise
Safe zones made by the French that were not so safe.
Clinton apology
Not really an apology. He blamed everyone else.
Kofi Annan
Didn’t intervene with Rwanda genocide because he wanted to be higher in the UN.
Paul Kagame
Leader of the Rwandan patriotic front.
Kibeo incident
Massacre of Hutus by the RPF
Interahamwe
Terrorist Hutus who killed thousands of Tutsis
Madeleine Albright
UN ambassadorunder Clinton that refused to help Rwanda.
Jean kambanda
Hutu prime minister that allowed all of this to happen.
Presidential guard
They were suppose to guard the president but his plane got shot down. Then they took control of the radio stations and bashed the Tutsis.
Theoneste bagosora
Leader of the Rwandan army and lead the genocide.
Kigali
Capital of Rwanda and were the genocide started.
Romeo dallaire
Leader of the UN united that tried to keep peace.
Philippe gaillard
Red Cross guy
Carl Wilkes
Christian missionary that stayed in Rwanda and saved thousands of lives. And a orphanage.
