African Americans

Question 1

When was the 1st Civil Rights Act?

Answer 1

9th April 1866

Question 2

When was the Hayes-Tilden Compromise?

Answer 2

1877

Question 3

What was sharecropping?

Answer 3

A system under which, white landowners allowed former slaves to work their land in return for a considerable share of what was produced. (not entirely different from slavery)

Question 4

What were African Americans uncertain about in 1865?

Answer 4

They were uncertain about their role and status in post-war America and how far to press for equality.

Question 5

African Americans in 1865?

Answer 5

• Violence
• Segregation
• Not equal
• Legally free
• Limits to liberty
• Sharecropping

Question 6

Who became President after Lincoln’s assassination?

Answer 6

Johnson

Question 7

When did Johnson become president?

Answer 7

April 1865

Question 8

What were Black Codes?

Answer 8

Southern states’ laws to control freed slaves.

Question 9

What did the Black Codes do? (4 points)

Answer 9

• restricted the right of AA to compete for work with whites
• gave states the right to punish vagrants & unemployed former slaves
• gave states the right to return vagrants & unemployed former slaves to forced labour.
• Allowed those who attacked AA to go unpunished, with state officials often participating in attacks.

Question 10

What were the Radical Republicans?

Answer 10

Republicans in Congress who had been active opponents of slavery. Wanted radical change, and saw southern slave owners as evil. They were influential but had limited support in the North as a whole.

Question 11

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 11

Set up by Congress in March 1865, to care for former slaves. Provided food, shelter, hospitals & education. It set up 2 universities, but its 900 agents were subjected to intimidation and violence by hostile white Southerners.

Question 12

Civil Rights Act

Answer 12

All persons born in the USA were endowed with the rights of citizens: everyone should have full & equal pay benefit of all laws & equal subjection to penalties for breaking laws.

Question 13

When was the First Reconstruction Act?

Answer 13

2nd March 1867

Question 14

When was the 14th Amendment?

Answer 14

9th July 1868

Question 15

What did the 14th Amendment state?

Answer 15

No state could deny any person full rights as an American citizen.

Question 16

When was the 15th Amendment?

Answer 16

3rd February 1870

Question 17

What did the 15th Amendment state?

Answer 17

the rights of citizens … shall not be denied or abridged by any State on account of race

Question 18

Date of the First Enforcement Act? And what it did?

Answer 18

31st May 1870
It banned discrimination based on race, colour, or previous condition of servitude.

Question 19

When was the 2nd Civil Rights Act?

Answer 19

1st March 1875

Question 20

What did the Civil Rights Act of 1875 state?

Answer 20

All citizens were entitled to the full & equal enjoyment o the accommodations, advantages, facilities & privileges of inns, public conveyances, theatres or other public amusement.

Question 21

How much did literacy improve from 1865 to 1895?

Answer 21

From 5% in 1865 to 50% in 1895
1/20 to 1/2

Question 22

By 1900, how many African Americans were doctors, lawyers, teachers & artists?

Answer 22

47,000
but it was out of 8 million.

Question 23

Who was the only African American millionaire in the Gilded Age?

Answer 23

Charles P. Graves

Question 24

When was Plessy vs. Ferguson?

Answer 24

1896

Question 25

What did Plessy vs. Ferguson state?

Answer 25

‘Separate but equal’

Question 26

What did Plessy vs. Ferguson mean for African Americans?

Answer 26

Unfair access to jobs, less likely to attend university. Segregation in education meant lower income jobs- poverty therefore increased. Poorer housing. Couldn’t pass voting literacy tests. Socially- segregated hospitals & medical care = life expectancy low.

Question 27

What were the grandfather clauses?

Answer 27

Limited AA in voting as these clauses allowed anyone with ancestors who could vote before 1867 an exemption from taxes & literacy tests. AA would not qualify for this & because they couldn’t pay the taxes or pass the tests, they were unable to vote.

Question 28

Example of grandfather clause taking place.

Answer 28

1895- 13,000 African American voters in Louisiana.

By 1900, declined to 5,000.

Question 29

What was the membership of KKK by 1971?

Answer 29

From 30,000 in 1865 - 40,000 in Tennessee alone & 1/2 a million in the South by 1871

Resulted in 1 AA being lynched every 2 days by the 1890s.

Question 30

Where did segregated districts become common?

Answer 30

Not only in the South but the North too:

New York Harlem became a separate district for the city. By 1900 there were 23,000 African Americans in Harlem. In Chicago, there were 5,000.