Africa Exam

Question 1

Great Escarpment

Answer 1

landform rimming much of southern Africa

Question 2

Congo Basin

Answer 2

Contains the second largest expanse of tropical rain forest in the world Savannas

Question 3

Deserts in Africa

Answer 3

Sahara, Namib, Kalahari

Question 4

Sahel

Answer 4

zone of ecological transition between sahara and wetter savannas and forest

Question 5

Desertification

Answer 5

the expansion of desertlike conditions caused by human-induced degradation

Question 6

Transhumance

Answer 6

the movement of animals between wet-season and dry-season pasture

Question 7

Biofuels

Answer 7

wood and charcoal

Question 8

Green Belt Movement

Answer 8

plants millions of trees

Question 9

Population Projections

Answer 9

increase by 40% by 2050, 43% are younger than age 15

Question 10

Life expectancy

Answer 10

50 years

Question 11

Staple Crops

Answer 11

millet, sorghum, corn

Question 12

Plantation agriculture for export

Answer 12

peanuts, rubber, cotton, cacao, coffee, palm oil

Question 13

Pastoralists

Answer 13

specialize in grazing animals, camels, goats, and cattle

Question 14

Tsetse flies

Answer 14

spread sleeping sickness

Question 15

Urban industrial South Africa

Answer 15

South Africa is the most urbanized country in the region

Question 16

Apartheid

Answer 16

official policy of racial segregation that shaped cities and social relations in South Africa

Question 17

Coloured

Answer 17

South African term for people of mixed African and European ancestry

Question 18

Tribes

Answer 18

Group of families or clans with common kinship, language, definable territory

Question 19

Religion

Answer 19

Christianity, Calvinism, Protestantism, Islam, and Roman Catholicism

Question 20

Islam

Answer 20

dominant religion in the Sahel

Question 21

Role of Slavery

Answer 21

Estimated 12 million were taken from Africa and sent to the Western Hemisphere from 1500 to 1870

Question 22

The Disease Factor

Answer 22

Malaria and other tropical diseases made it difficult for Europeans to establish colonies

Question 23

Liberia

Answer 23

Established as a state for freed and escaped slaves from the United States to return to their ancestral continent

Question 24

Sierra Leone

Answer 24

served same purpose as Liberia for people form British Caribbean

Question 25

Berlin Conference

Answer 25

13 European countries divided and traded Sub-Saharnan Africa(only Ethiopia remained independent

Question 26

Townships

Answer 26

segregated, substandard neighborhoods for nonwhites

Question 27

African Union

Answer 27

a continent-wide organization whose goal includes mediating disputes between neighboring states

Question 28

Tribalism

Answer 28

loyalty to an ethnic group rather than to a state

Question 29

Rwanda

Answer 29

1994 genocide between Hutus and Tutsis

Question 30

Structural adjustment programs

Answer 30

reduce government spending, cut food subsidies, encourage private sector; promoted by IMF, World Bank

Question 31

Economic nationalism

Answer 31

inefficient, often corrupt governments took over large segments of economy

Question 32

Kleptocracy

Answer 32

a state where corruption is so institutionalized that politicians and government bureaucrats siphon off huge percentage of country's wealth