AFRICA ESSAY

Question 1

Background and Factors of Intro?

Answer 1

• Africa is a continent made up of 54 independant countries- among these are 34 of the least developed nations in the world. 70% of Africas population live on less than $2 a day despite Africa having a multitude of natural resources including minerals,oil land and seaports.
• This is becuase of social,political and econimcal factors, such as health epidemics, civil war, debt and poverty & poor infrastructure.

Question 2

Health Epidemic K points?

Answer 2

• The HIV/Aids epidemic in africa is overwhelming with 1 in 25 across the continent having the disease
• Cultural and social beliefs around contamination,sexuality and religion has resulted in the epidemic to continue spreading,resulting in 1.5 M deaths each year
• UN states 75M infected & 32 M died

Question 3

Health epidemics A points

Answer 3

• Famalies lose breadwinners, leaving children to fend for themselves as orphans
• lacking health infrastructure becomes overwhelmed and cannot help those suffering
• Many left without family , health services support or sometimes their own lives ( on average reduced lives by 70 years)
• Economical factor is the strongest as if finicial situation was better health services would be able to be improved and education on the disease would be provided- allowing the ease of the epidemic.more controllable)

Question 4

Civil War K points

Answer 4

• can hold back/ reverse development of a country
• UN states that civil war has left 6.3 M without food and 4M fleeing their homes
• Oxfam reports that countries involved in conflict have 50% more infant deaths and 15% more malnourished and life expec reduced by 5 yrs
• Civil war costs Africa 18B per year

Question 5

Civil War A points

Answer 5

Civil war limits the abilities of communities and its people to make money and escape poverty ( people have to flee places of work and home causing homelessness/jobless and further deprivation)

• Arned conflict creates refugees without food , shelter , medical aid, this impact is worsened by the plummeting of food production and disruption of health services ( also caused by civil war/ conflict)
• all leads to entire countries/communities/famalies lives destroyed and in need of rebuilding. Long term effects are restoration will be difficult and costly is peace ever occurs- let alone development.

Question 6

Debt K points

Answer 6

• Africa has a total $300B debt burden,African countries spend $14B repaying debt anually
• BBC reports that in 2019 zimbabwe had a debt of over $7B which results in 18 hour long power cuts as they cannot pay their debt to electricity companies
• In Zambia the educationan,agriculture and health systyms have been curtailed, the impact of this is the lack of neccesities for individuals to lead healthy lives in which theu can atleast have an educationan and work to escape poverty

Question 7

Debt A points

Answer 7

• Individuals lacking vital infrastructure results in a lack of vital life necessities thus pushing people further into the poverty cycle
• Tariffs/tax - developed countries put higher taxes on goods from the developing world ( Africa) - but make developing countries decrease theirs. Makes it difficult for Africa to make the money it needs to develop which impacts individuals as they live in trapped, poverty-ridden countries that cannot support them.
• All of this contributes to the poverty cycle- with countries trapped under crippling debt meaning they cannot supply vital infrastructure
• For example, according to the world trade organisation, 12 rich countries in the EU have an average extra 5% added to what they sell but developing countries like Senegal and Zimbabwe have tariffs sometimes 3% higher. World trading system is made by and for the rich which makes it hard for developing countries to grow out of poverty.

Question 8

Poverty and Poor Infrastructure K points

Answer 8

• global bank reports that in Africa 1 in 10 people live in poverty, this increases to 1 in 4 in sub-Saharan Africa ( 400 M)
• The world bank reports that 23% of the African population do not have access to clean water which results in infection and death.
• Only 35% have access to electricity

Question 9

Poverty and Poor Infrastructure A points

Answer 9

• Lack of efficient, key infrastructure results in difficult transportation which affects trade
• Communities without key infrastructure find it difficult to grow out of poverty and other development-related issues.