AFLEEKAH

Question 1

did africans play a role in wwi and2

Answer 1

yes they play signfiicant role

Question 2

explain how wwi and ww2 could have been seen as positive opporutnities for africans

Answer 2

it was a good opportunity for them to liberate themselves from colonial rule since everyone was so busy and preoccupied with the wars

Question 3

when did the process of decolonizaiton of africa begin

Answer 3

after ww2, when the african soldiers who were forced to fight in foreign countries came back home and realized that they deserved their own place in the world

Question 4

did ww1, even though it happened in europe, have effect on africans?

Answer 4

yes. big impact. many african men were forced to fight in the warby their respective colinial empires.

Question 5

why was africa so imoprtant for european powers

Answer 5

bc they relied heavily on afr’s natural resources, manual labor, and manpower/force

Question 6

why did some african political/authority figures help europeans enlist african men and basically made african men participate in the war

Answer 6

just like indians with britiain, they thought that providing colinial powers with men and trooops would make the colonial powers be kinder to them and give the afrricans more rights and privilieges

Question 7

what were african porters in wwi

Answer 7

men that carried supplies and goods to troops

Question 8

did europeans use slavery. also explain timeline

Answer 8

yes. in the 18oos slavery was outlawed by many nations, but during the scramble for africa which was 1880s to 1900s, european powers sorta ignored that and used forced labor again

Question 9

did some wwi fighting occur outside of euorpe

Answer 9

yes. colonial powers attacked other colonial powers’ colonies in afr. so a lot of the africans had to fight in africa and not eur. they sent african troops to attack the african colonies of their rival european powers.

Question 10

french and briatian attacked whos colonies in africa during wwi

Answer 10

germany

Question 11

what document by woodrow wilson was released during wwi that isnpired africans

Answer 11

14 points promoted right to self-determination. so africans inspired to become independent

Question 12

The actual fighting done on African soil was ____ intense in WWII than in WWI.

Answer 12

more

Question 13

what role did african armies play at the start of ww2

Answer 13

african armies had an importatn role in teh allies’ first victory in ww2

Question 14

economic changes in africa after ww2

Answer 14

During World War II, European colonial powers pushed for increased cash crop production (like cocoa, coffee, and peanuts) in Africa to support the war effort. This meant:

Shift from subsistence farming – Many African farmers grew export crops instead of food for local consumption.

Dependency on global markets – Since their economies were tied to selling crops internationally, they relied on fluctuating prices and demand.

After the war, when global markets changed, African economies struggled because they weren’t self-sufficient in food production.

Question 15

atlantic charter impact on african nationalism

Answer 15

charter promoted the idea that people have the right to national self-determination, which inspired africans

Question 16

Why was monroe doctrine created and by who

Answer 16

President James Monroe. So at this point the US is a baby nation. It has been existing for 40 years-ish now. The US is scared that if European powers have influence and control in North and South America, then the power and status of the US will be weakened/undermined. Also the US is really small right now. They are following manifest Destiny, the belief that the US had a god-given right to expand west. US was scared that Eur influence and power in the region would become a barrier that would make it difficult for the us to follow Manifest Destiny.

Question 17

what was the monroe doctrine

Answer 17

a declaration that later became a respected doctrine (formal set of ideas that are widely accepted). a set of policies that said 1. Europeans should not interfere with the internal politics of North and South America, and in exchange the US would continue to refrain from interfering with the internal politics of European powers. Lastly it stated that the European powers should not establish colonies in the North and South American regions.

Question 18

power timeline of monroe doctrine

Answer 18

from 1823-1845, US didn’t have enough power or influence to enforce the doctrine. however, in 1845, the Monroe doctrine started coming to the attention of European powers and started to become more relevant and useful. The US and Mexico were fighting over Texas and its boundaries. At this time various European powers were interested in Texas and Mexico, and the US president at that time warned the Eur powers to stay out of it. The doctrine was also used in many other instances, such as the US and Great Britain’s dispute on Venezuela, the Spanish-American war, and teh Roosevelt Corollary, which stated that US had a right to intervene in the internal politics of the Americas if it was all done to keep Eur powers out of the area and protect countries in danger of falling under Eur control and influence. So basically, overtime, as the monroe doctrine kept being used over and over again, its legitamacy and respect for it increased.

Question 19

Which European country controlled the largest colonial empire during the Age of Imperialism

Answer 19

Britian

Question 20

motives for imperialism

Answer 20

-social darwinism.. it was white mens duty to take care of africans
-european coutnries had no natural resources so they had economic interests
-natioinalism.. they wanted glory
-more land=more control=more military power.

Question 21

what made imperialism easy

Answer 21

technology. steamships, railroads, advanced weapons made it easy for europeans to conquer and maintian distant colonies-

Question 22

Scramble for Africa

Answer 22

1881 to 1914. this was a period of time where european powers quickly rushed to divide and conquer and claim regions in africa for natural resources, labor, etc.

Question 23

berlin conference

Answer 23

conference that set out the rules for european colonialism in africa. basically said, “france gets this. germany gets this. “ etc. no african leaders were present!! so no african povs.. led to ethnic groups being separated by boundaries, etc.

Question 24

key colonial powers in africa

Answer 24

britian, france, germany, belguim, italy, portugal, netherlands

Question 25

benjamin disraeli

Answer 25

Benjamin Disraeli was the British prime minster that laid out various imperialist policies to increase biritsh foreign influence in Africa. he strongly supported british imperialism

Question 26

importance of steamship in european imperialism

Answer 26

provided faster and more reliable travel, increased trade, and allowed europeans to move goods and people more quickly to various parts of the world

Question 27

major technological inventions that helped with european imperialism

Answer 27

steamship, railroads, telelgraph, maxim gun, quinine (treatment for malaria), steam-powered railways

Question 28

Economic factors that incentivized European powers to pursue colonies and resources

Answer 28

-raw materials such as minerals, metals, oil, rubber, cotton -investment opportunities.. investors in europe could invest in infrastructure projects such as railways, trade ports, etc. -industrial market... as industries grew and expanded there were more products being created, which meant more buyers needed. colonies in Africa served as markets where European producers and industries could sell their products and manufactured goods

Question 29

which africa leader resisted European colonization and maintained the independence of Ethiopia and how?

Answer 29

Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia successfully resisted European colonization by leading the Ethiopian forces to a decisive victory at the Battle of Adwa in 1896, securing Ethiopia’s independence and forcing Italy to recognize it, while also utilizing diplomacy, modernizing the military, and playing European powers against each other to maintain his country's sovereignty during the Scramble for Africa.

Question 30

Who was Henry Morton Stanley

Answer 30

An explorer who explored the congo and found the potential there for economic success. so he presented his findings to the british royal people who declined his suggestion to colonize the Congo. Kind Leopold 2 however, was already interested in that area so after stanley's findings he was even more excited to colonize there.

Question 31

do some blurting on the "scramble for africa " assignment

Answer 31

s

Question 32

Who was King Leopold II?

Answer 32

King Leopold II was the King of Belgium from 1865 to 1909. He is most infamous for his personal ownership and exploitation of the Congo Free State during the Scramble for Africa.

Question 33

What was the Congo Free State?

Answer 33

The Congo Free State was a large area in Central Africa, which was privately owned by King Leopold II from 1885 to 1908. It was not a Belgian colony but rather his personal property, used for extracting resources like rubber and ivory.

Question 34

How did Leopold acquire the Congo?

Answer 34

Leopold acquired the Congo through a diplomatic maneuver. In 1884, at the Berlin Conference, he persuaded European powers that his mission in Africa was humanitarian and focused on spreading civilization. Under this guise, he gained control over the Congo Free State.

Question 35

What was the main economic activity in the Congo Free State?

Answer 35

The main economic activity was the extraction of rubber, which was in high demand due to the rise of rubber-based industries in Europe and the Americas. Leopold exploited the Congo's natural resources and forced the local population into labor.

Question 36

What were the human rights abuses in the Congo Free State?

Answer 36

Under Leopold’s rule, millions of Congolese people were subjected to forced labor, mutilation, and mass killings. The regime used violence to enforce rubber collection quotas, leading to widespread suffering, population decline, and atrocities. Workers who did not meet work requirements had their hands cut off

Question 37

What role did the Force Publique play in the Congo?

Answer 37

The Force Publique was a military force created by Leopold to maintain order and control in the Congo. They were notorious for their brutal tactics, including the use of violence, torture, and atrocities against the local population to enforce rubber collection quotas.

Question 38

How did the international community respond to Leopold’s rule?

Answer 38

News of the atrocities began to spread, leading to international protests. Activists, journalists, and missionaries exposed the abuse, and eventually, public outcry forced the Belgian government to take control of the Congo in 1908, ending Leopold's personal rule.

Question 39

When did Belgium formally take control of the Congo?

Answer 39

In 1908, after immense international pressure and the exposure of widespread atrocities, Belgium officially annexed the Congo, transitioning it from the Congo Free State to a Belgian colony.

Question 40

How did Leopold’s actions impact the population of the Congo?

Answer 40

It is estimated that around 10 million Congolese died as a result of violence, disease, and starvation under Leopold’s rule. The population suffered immense physical and psychological trauma, which had long-lasting effects.

Question 41

Who was the first European to travel from the Congo from its source to the sea?

Answer 41

Henry Morton Stanley

Question 42

What is the benefit of the powerful rapids of the Congo River and why was this benefit so important?

Answer 42

The rapids in the Congo River make certain areas impassable by boat. but the rapids are a great source for hydro-electic power.

Question 43

What is the aim of building a large dam across the entire valley in Africa?

Answer 43

The source is reliable, since hydroelectric power is renewable. Boost the economy

Question 44

What commodity did King Leopold discover in the forests of Africa?

Answer 44

-Rubber vines have sap that can be gathered and used for producing items such as tires.

Question 45

Describe the negative effects of King Leopold’s II rule in the Congo?

Answer 45

-The Europeans forced the people in the Congo to work. -Low pay -beaten if they didn’t comply, some died after being beaten -not received enough food -If they could not produce enough rubber their hands were cut off –exploitation, brutality

Question 46

How did the dictator Mobutu Sese Seko of the Congo take power?

Answer 46

-Became army chief of staff. Arrested a man that sided with the Soviets. After becoming president, became dictator. -corrupt, -killed (?) opposition -oppressive, totalitarian -brutal -he became rich, country was poor

Question 47

Detail the cause and the impact of the decline in Gbadolite. (and what was it)

Answer 47

a thriving city led by Mobutu Sese Seko, the long-time president of Zaire (now called the DMC). -Gbadolite's decline was primarily caused by the fall of Mobutu Sese Seko in 1997, political instability, and the economic collapse following years of conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, which left the city isolated and its infrastructure in disrepair. The city’s once-thriving economy and modern amenities deteriorated, leading to population loss, environmental degradation, and the loss of cultural significance, with efforts to revive the city facing ongoing challenges.

Question 48

What has the connection and reliance on the rapids provided to Waganian society?

Answer 48

-rapids can block certain boats from being able to pass certain areas. But rapids help people fish using wicker baskets

Question 49

What caused Eastern Congo cities like Beni to become the turmoil-filled place which it has become?

Answer 49

-Active volcano -many wars took place there -local conflicts cause displacement -ebola outbreak -Rwandan genocide.. Rwanda is near Beni so violence spread out -burned homes -strong militant group called ADF that has killed many civilians.. Use hidden attacks, target UN vehicles

Question 50

How have the UN efforts impacted the issues in the Congo?

Answer 50

-Peacekeepers are on patrol. They want to show their presence to the ADF (armed militant group.. very violent.. known for attacking civilians, etc.) -Locals are suspicious and wary of UN soldiers, especially ones from western countries.

Question 51

How have tensions and conflicts impacted the people in the Congo?

Answer 51

Lack of safety -People live in constant fear and wariness of others -Historical tensions lead to brutal violence -People are kicked out of their homes and forced to live in camps -Women were raped.. Leading to emotional trauma and damage -Wind can lead to fire -Life=tense, desperate -People just want to survive frequent fights that are started easily. -people beheaded by rebels

Question 52

Examine Congo's natural resources and how they impact both the economy and the people of the Congo.

Answer 52

The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is rich in natural resources such as minerals (including cobalt, copper, and diamonds), timber, and arable land, which have the potential to drive economic growth; however, their exploitation has often fueled corruption, conflict, and environmental degradation, while the wealth generated has largely bypassed the population, leaving many people impoverished and exacerbating inequality.

Question 53

Examine political issues which are ongoing between protesters and leadership in the Congo.

Answer 53

Ongoing political tensions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) stem from widespread protests against the government’s perceived corruption, electoral fraud, and human rights abuses, with critics accusing President Félix Tshisekedi’s administration of consolidating power, suppressing opposition voices, and failing to address the country’s systemic issues, which has led to violent crackdowns on protesters and further political instability. -"very rich country, very poor people" -critics and activist groups have to hide underground -protesters have been beaten up and hospitalized

Question 54

What are the different names of the Boer Wars? What is the significance behind these different names?

Answer 54

The different names for the Boer Wars are the Wars of independence, Anglo-Boer Wars, Transvaal Rebellion, and the South African War. These different names have been used to be more inclusive or to address certain aspects of the Boer Wars. For example, the majority of scholars refer to the Boer Wars as the South African War to address the fact that South Africans were affected by the war.

Question 54

What happened during the First Boer War? What were the major events? What were some of the styles of fighting?

Answer 54

The First Boer War (1880-1881) occurred between the British Empire and the two Boer republics, the South African Republic (Transvaal) and the Orange Free State. Major events include the Battle of Majuba Hill, where the Boers decisively defeated the British, leading to the eventual recognition of Boer independence. Styles of fighting included guerrilla tactics, with Boer forces using the terrain to their advantage, engaging in hit-and-run attacks.

Question 55

What led to a period of nationalism and peace following the First Boer War?

Answer 55

After the First Boer War ended in 1881, the British agreed to a deal called the Convention of Pretoria. This allowed the Boers (the Dutch-speaking settlers) to have their own government in the Transvaal region, though it was still technically under British control. This made the Boers feel proud and united because they had fought for their freedom and won, and it helped bring a period of peace. The British wanted to avoid more fighting and hoped this agreement would calm things down.

Question 56

What happened during the Second Boer War? What were the major events? What were some of the styles of fighting?

Answer 56

The Second Boer War (1899-1902) was fought because the British wanted control of the Boer republics, which had valuable gold and diamonds. The Boers fought back hard, using guerrilla tactics (sudden, surprise attacks) to make it difficult for the British to fight back. Some important events were: Siege of Mafeking, where British forces were trapped by the Boers for months. Battle of Spion Kop, which was a tough fight where the British were beaten by the Boers. The British responded by burning Boer farms and putting civilians in concentration camps, where many people suffered and died. The war ended in 1902 with a peace treaty that gave the British control over the Boer republics.

Question 57

What was the Apartheid System? How is it a direct result of the Boer Wars in South Africa? A:

Answer 57

The Apartheid System was a set of laws in South Africa that made life unfair for non-white people, especially black people. It meant they couldn’t vote, live in certain areas, or use the same public facilities as white people. After the Boer Wars, when the British won control over South Africa, the Boers (Afrikaners) wanted to protect their power and keep control of the country. So, when they later took charge of the government in 1948, they created apartheid to keep white people in power and keep black people oppressed.

Question 58

Who are the Boers?

Answer 58

The Boers were Dutch-speaking settlers who came to South Africa in the 17th century, primarily of Dutch, German, and Huguenot (French Protestant) descent. They established farming communities and later developed their own language, Afrikaans.

Question 59

How did the Boers interact with African tribal groups in South Africa?

Answer 59

The Boers encountered various African tribal groups such as the Xhosa, Zulu, and Sotho when they settled in South Africa. They often clashed with these groups over land and resources, as the Boers expanded their farming settlements.