Affixes

Question 1

-ej-

Answer 1

Place

Indicates a place where the root word exists or happens.

hundarejo – kennel (from “hundo”, “dog”, and “-ar-“, “group”)
kuirejo – kitchen (from “kuiri”, “to cook”)

Question 2

bo-

Answer 2

In-Law

Indicates a relationship by marriage.

bofrato – Brother-In-Law
bopatrino – Mother-In-Law

Question 3

dis-

Answer 3

Scattering

Indicates a scattering effect or action.

disigi – to disband (to become separate)
disŝiri – to shred, to rip up (to tear into pieces)

Question 4

ek-

Answer 4

Beginning, Sudden or Momentary Action

Indicates an action that is sudden, short, or just starting.

ekstari – to get up (to begin to stand)
ekparoli – to utter (to begin to speak)

Question 5

eks-

Answer 5

Ex

Indicates a former relationship

eksedzino – ex-wife
eksvirkato – neutered cat (formerly male cat)

Question 6

fi-

Answer 6

Shameful

Indicates shame, disappoval, disgust.

fifama – Infamous (shameful fame)
fikomercisto – con man, swindler (shameful business professional)

Question 7

ge-

Answer 7

Of Both Genders

In esperanto, the root word defaults to male. This prefix indicates that both sexes are being referenced. Nouns with “gi-“ are always plural.

gepatroj – parents (patro = father)
geamikoj – friends (of both genders)

Question 8

mal-

Answer 8

Opposite

The opposite of the root word.

maldekstra – left (opposite of right)
malalta – short (opposite of tall)

Question 9

mis-

Answer 9

Wrongly

Indicates error in the root word.

misfunkcio – malfunction (wrongly function)
misciti – to misquote (wrongly quote)

Question 10

pra-

Answer 10

Ancient

praavo – great-grandfather (ancient grandfather)
prahistorio – pre-history (ancient history)

Question 11

re-

Answer 11

Again, Repeated, Responsive

reagi – to react (to act in response)
rekoni – to recognize (to know again)

Question 12

-aĉ-

Answer 12

Contemptible

Indicates disgust, contempt.

homaĉo – jerk, asshole (contemptible person)
domaĉo – shack (contemptible house)

Question 13

-ad-

Answer 13

Frequent or Continuous Action

Denotes a long, repetitive, or frequent action, or an abstract action state.

ridado – laughter (continuous laugh)
usado – use, usage (continuous use)

Question 14

-aĵ-

Answer 14

Concrete Instance, Substance

Indicates a concrete or discrete instance of the root.

absurdaĵo – absurdity, nonsense (from “absurda”, “absurd”)
bovaĵo – beef (from bovo, “head of cattle”)

Question 15

-an-

Answer 15

Member Of The Root Group

Indicates belonging to the root group or club.

usonano – American (from “usono”, “United States of America”)
teamano – team member (from “teamo”, “team”)

Question 16

-ar-

Answer 16

Group

Indicates a group of the root

hundaro – pack (from “hundo”, “dog”)
arbaro – forest (from “arbo”, “tree”)

Question 17

-ebl-

Answer 17

Possibility

Indicates possibility of the root action.

videbla – visible (from “vidi”, “to see”)
kredebla – credible (from “kredi”, “to believe”)

Question 18

-ec-

Answer 18

Abstract Quality

Indicates an abstract quality, like “-ness”.

alteco – height (from “alta”, “tall”)
pureco – cleanliness, purity (from “pura”, “clean, pure”)

Question 19

-eg-

Answer 19

Large In Size or Degree

Indicates a root of great size or degree.

kriegi – to yell (from “krii”, “to cry”)
homego – giant (from “homo”, “person’)

Question 20

-em-

Answer 20

Tendency Toward

Indicates a general tendency toward the root action or quality

amema – loving, affectionate (from “amo”, “love”)
laborema – hard-working (from “labori”, “to work”)

Question 21

-end-

Answer 21

Necessary

Indicates that root is something that must be done

atentenda – That to which attention must be paid (from “atenti”, “to pay attention”)
uzenda – Required to be used (from “uzi”, “to use”)

Question 22

-er-

Answer 22

Particle / Single Unit

Indicates a piece or unit of the root.

akvero – drop of water (from “akvo”, “water”).
sablero – grain of sand (from “sablo”, “sand”).

Question 23

-estr-

Answer 23

Leader / Boss

Indicates the person or entity in charge of the root.

domestro – head of household (from “domo”, “house”)
urbestro – mayor (from “urbo”, “city”)

Question 24

-et-

Answer 24

Small In Size or Degree

Indicates a root of small size or degree.

ameti – to like, to be fond of (from “ami”, “to love”)
libreto – booklet (from “libro”, “book”)

Question 25

-id-

Answer 25

Offspring

Indicates offspring, child

hundido – puppy (from “hundo”, “dog”)
katido – kitten (from “kato”, “cat”)

Question 26

-ig-

Answer 26

Make or Cause

Indicates making or causing the root word. Also changes intransitive verbs to transitive verbs (“subject becomes x or does x to themselves” to “subject causes x to be done to object”).

manĝigi – to feed (from “manĝi”, “to eat”)
lernigi – to teach (from “lerni”, “to learn”)

Question 27

-iĝ-

Answer 27

Become

Indicates becoming the root word. Also turns transitive verbs into intransitive verbs (changes a verb from “subject does x to object” to “subject becomes x or does x to themselves”).

sciiĝi – to find out about, learn of (from “scii”, “to know”)
vidiĝi – to appear (from “vidi”, “to see”)

Question 28

-il-

Answer 28

Tool

Indicates a tool for the root, which is usually an action verb.

komputilo – computer (from “komputi”, “to compute”)
fotografilo – camera (from “fotografi”, “to photograph”)

Question 29

-ind-

Answer 29

Worthy Of

Indicates worthiness of the root, similar to “-worthy” in English.

plorinda – worthy of crying over (from “plori”, “to cry”)
fidinda – trustworthy (from “fidi”, “to trust”)

Question 30

-ing-

Answer 30

Holder For Root Object

Indicates a holder for the root object. This is different from a container (which is “-uj-“), and suggests a tight holder for a long skinny object, rather than a loose container.

ampolingo – light socket (from “ampolo”, “light bulb”)
kandelingo – candleholder (from “kandelo”, “candle”)

Question 31

-in-

Answer 31

Female

Indicates a female version of the root. (Roots typically default to male or gender-neutral versions).

bovino – cow (from “bovo”, “head of cattle”)
knabino – girl (from “knabo”, “boy” or “child”)