Affects of Electrolyte Disturbances and Drugs on ECG’s Flashcards
What are normal EFC K+ levels
3.5-5.3mEq/L (3.5-5.3mmoles/L)
Hyperkalemia levels of K+ and “symptoms”
greater than 5.3mEq/L (higher than normal extracellular levels)
- peaked T waves
- widening QRS (decrease in conductivity
- cardiac standstill (arrest)
Hypokalemia levels of K+ and “symptoms”
less than 3.5,Eq/L (lower than normal extracellular levels)
- sluggish repolarization (flat T waves, U waves)
- bradycardias
Normal Calcium (Ca2+) levels
2.2-2.6Eq/L (4.4-5.3mmole/L)
Hypercalcemia levels and “symptoms”
greater than 2.6Eq/L
- Heightened depolarizaton and reploarization
- spastic contractions (skeletal)
Hypocalcemia
lower than 2.2Eq/L
- increased excitablility
- Q-T interval gets shorter
- Tachycardias
do we see hypo/hypercalcemia often
no the levels are well regulated by the body
Cardiac Glycosides: example, what do they do
- tend to increase CA+ within the sacroplasmic reticulum
- increases cadiac contractility (force of contraction)
can cause conduction blocks – due to decreased excitability and conduction velocity (SA to AV node)
example of a cardiac glycoside drug?
ex digitalis, digoxin
what do cardiac glycosides treat
- sometimes used to treat Afib, Aflutte
what do beta Adrenergic Sympathomimetics mimic?
sympathetic nervous system
what is a adrenergic sympathomimetic drug treat … what are the side effects
ex isoproterenal
slow heart rate (bradycardia) and blocks
side effects = Tachycardias, ventricular arrythmias
Alpha vs beta stimulation
??
what is a positive inotrope
inotrope is an agent that alters the force or energy of muscular contractions
(increases if positive, decreases if negative)
what is a positive chronotrope
Chronotropic drugs may change the heart rate and rhythm by affecting the electrical conduction system of the heart and the nerves that influence it
