Affective Neuroscience Flashcards
a coordinated set of responses that deal with complex stimuli important for survival and reproduction with a time course of minutes or hours.
emotion
a diffuse affective feeling state that is often of lower intensity than emotion, but longer in duration ie: hours or days
mood
the subjective representation of emotions
feelings
Name the 6 basic human emotions.
happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, disgust
What are the 3 general functions of emotions? Hint: the acronym IMC may help you remembe
Information
Provide information about our current situation
Motivation
Motivate adaptive responsiveness
Emotions move us to action
Communication
Communicate our feelings to others to facilitate social interactions
In 2-dimensional models of emotion, what are the two dimensions?
Basic emotion vs Psychological Construct
Valence may be represented in the brain by activity in two networks. Name these 2 networks, and name some of the major brain areas included in each.
Pain network
dACC, insula, somatosensory cortex, thalamus, PAG
Reward network
VTA, ventral striatum (NA), vmPFC, amygdala, dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus & putamen)
Reward network
VTA, ventral striatum (NA), vmPFC, amygdala, dorsal striatum (caudate nucleus & putamen)
Pain network
dACC, insula, somatosensory cortex, thalamus, PAG
What is the name of the noradrenergic nucleus important for arousal? Where is it located and where does it project?
The locus coeruleus is a noradrenergic nucleus cell group located in the dorsal metaceleophalon
LC neurons send their axons to many forebrain regions where their activity increases arousal, attention and vigilance.
emotions are constructed from components, e.g. arousal, feedback from autonomic responses, and memory, within working memory (conscious awareness)
- claim that the affective feelings are essential attributes of emotional functions in the brain.
- generalized processes such as learning and working memory are seen as the quinessential attributes of emotions
Generalized Emotional Theory (GET)
“sensory-motor command circuits”
- believe that emotions are global brain states that ultimately emerge from intrinsic brain processes
- taxonomizing is an essential aspect
Central Affective Programs (CAP)
emotions arise from an intergration of input from the brain and body an emotion is made out of component parts.
The brain contains circuits dedicated to producing emotions and feelings (like Panksepp’s CAPs)
A human feeling is a composite image of changes in body and brain.
- not fond of taxonomixzing emotions
- focus on empirical relationships between psychophysiological and brain measures
- many components from both brain and body that contribute to emotionality
Hybrid approaches (COP)
scientents who agree with GET
Michael Davis
Joseph LeDoux
Edmund Rolls
Lisa Barrett
scientists who agree with CAP
Paul MacLean
Jaak Panksepp
scientists who agree with COP
Damasio
Lang
What is the conceptual act model of emotion, and who proposed it?
Lisa Barrett - emotion categories are perceptions; not solely based on response patterns distinct for each emotion. “Emotions are contents, not systems, in the brain.”
The CAM proposes that emotions are complex perceptions, built from 4 basic systems
Core affect
Conceptualization
Executive control
Language
Different emotions are used by combining these systems in different ways
CAM was developed to solve the problem of the “emotion paradox”
What is the “emotion paradox”?
Studies that measure emotion by relying on reports of feeling produce consistent evidence for categories fear, disguist, happiness, etc.
But, instrument-based measures of the brain and body do not agree
Difficult to identify emotion specific regions of the brain from fMRI studies
Difficult to identify emotion specific physiological response patterns