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Psychiatry > Affective disorders > Flashcards

Affective disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are mood disorders?

A

Disorders of mental status and function where mood is a core feature
Most common mental disorder
Often associated with anxiety

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2
Q

Are mood disorders always primary problems?

A

No

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3
Q

What is the main classification system we use for mood disorders?

A

ICD-10
International classification of disease
WHO

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4
Q

What are some factors in an affective disorder being classed as abnormal?

A

Persistence of symptoms
Pervasiveness of symptoms
Degree of impairment
Presence of specific symptoms or signs

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5
Q

What are the 3 phases of symptoms of depressive illness?

A

Psychological
Physical
Social

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6
Q

What are some possible changes in thought content in depression?

A 
Guilt
Hopelessness
Worthlessness
Any neurotic symptoms like hypochondriasis or obsession
Delusion
Hallucination
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7
Q

How might mood change in depression?

A

Depression
Anxiety
Perplexity
Anhedonia

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8
Q

How might depression affect bodily function?

A 
Fatigue
Sleep
Decreased appetite
Libido
Constipation
Pain
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9
Q

How might depression affect psychomotor functioning?

A

Agitation

Retardation

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10
Q

How can depression affect the social sphere?

A 
Loss of interests
Loss of confidence
Loss of concentration, registration and memory
Indecisive
Irritability
Apathy
Withdrawal
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11
Q

What is agitation?

A

A state of restless overactivity, aimless or ineffective

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12
Q

What is anhedonia?

A

Loss of ability to derive pleasure from experience

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13
Q

What is apathy?

A

Loss of interest in own surroundings

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14
Q

What is anxiety?

A

An unpleasant emotion in which thoughts of apprehension or fear predominate

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15
Q

Define depression.

A

An unpleasant emotion in which sadness or unhappiness predominates

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16
Q

Define retardation.

A

A slowing of motor responses including speech

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17
Q

What is stupor?

A

A state of extreme retardation in which consciousness is intact
The patient stops moving, speaking, eating and drinking
On recovery can describe clearly events which occurred whilst stuporose

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18
Q

What are some features of somatic syndrome depression?

A 
Waking early
Depression worse in morning
Loss of appetite or libido
Objective evidence of psychomotor agitation
or retardation
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19
Q

How is depression classified as mild, moderate or severe?

A

At least 2 of:

  • Abnormally depressed mood for most of day for 2 weeks
  • Loss of interest/pleasure
  • Decreased energy or or increased fatigability

And more from the folowing, to give a total of 4 (mild), 6 (moderate) or 8 (severe)

  • Loss of confidence or self esteem
  • Unreasonable/excessive guilt
  • Recurrent suicidal thought/behaviour
  • Decreased concentration
  • Agitation or retardation
  • Sleep disturbance of any sort
  • Change in appetite
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20
Q

When is the most risk for post-natal depression?

A

30 days following birth

Risk up to 24 months

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21
Q

Is post-natal depression associated with hormone changes?

A

No

22
Q

What is the differential diagnosis for depression?

A 
Normal reaction to life event
Seasonal Affective Disorder
Dysthymia
Cyclothymia
Bipolar
Stroke, tumour, dementia
Hypothyroidism, Addison’s, Hyperparathyroidism
Infections
23
Q

What are some infections associated with differential diagnosis of depression?

A

Influenza
Infectious mononucleosis
Hepatitis
HIV/AIDS

24
Q

What are some options for antidepressants?

A

SSRIs
TCAs
Monoamine
oxidase inhibitors

25
Q

What are some psychological treatment options for depression?

A

CBT
IPT
Individual dynamic psychotherapy
Family therapy

26
Q

What are some physical treatments for affective disorders?

A

ECT
Psychosurgery
DBS
VNS

27
Q

What does SCAN mean?

A

Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry

28
Q

What are some rating scales for depression?

A

HDRS (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale)
BDI-II (Beck Depression Inventory II)
HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale)
PHQ-9 (Patient Health Questionnaire 9)

29
Q

What is mania?

A

Often associated with grandiose ideas, disinhibition, loss of judgment

30
Q

What does F30.0 mean?

A

Hypomania

Mild degree of elevation for several days on end

31
Q

What does F30.1 mean?

A

Mania without psychotic symptoms

32
Q

What does F30.2 mean?

A

Mania with psychotic symptoms

33
Q

What does F30.8 mean?

A

Manic episodes, unspecified

34
Q

How might mania present?

A 
Elevated mood
Increased sociability and sexual energy
Decreased need for sleep
Irritable
Distracted
35
Q

What are some psych differential diagnoses with mania?

A 
Mixed affective state
Schizoaffective disorder
Schizophrenia
Cyclothymia
ADHD
Drugs and Alcohol
36
Q

What are some medical differential diagnoses with mania?

A 
Stroke
MS
Tumour
Epilepsy
AIDS
Neurosyphilis
Cushing's, SLE, hyperthyroidism
37
Q

What is a scale used to rate mania?

A

Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS)

38
Q

What are some antipsychotics used for mania?

A

Olanzapine
Risperidone
Quetiapine

39
Q

What are some mood stabilisers used for mania?

A

Sodium Valproate
Lamotrigene
Carbamazepine
Lithium

40
Q

Can ECT be used for mania?

A

Yes

41
Q

What is bipolar affective disorder?

A

Repeated (2+) episodes of depression AND mania or hypomania

42
Q

What are some risk factors for bipolar disorder?

A

Industrialised nations
Males
Mean onset is 21

43
Q

What are some risk factors for depression?

A

Highest risk for age 18-44, mean onset at 27
Females
Adverse life events, especially losses

44
Q

Who is less likely to get MDD?

A

Employed
Financially independent
Stable marriage

45
Q

Is lower education attainment associated with MDD?

A

Yes

46
Q

What proportion of people with major depression die by suicide?

A

15%

47
Q

What proportion of people with major depression?

A

80+%

48
Q

What proportion of people with bipolar disorder/mania die by suicide?

A

10%

49
Q

What proportion of people with bipolar disorder/mania have further episodes?

A

90%

50
Q

What is the difference between grief and depression?

A

Grief includes longing/yearning for the loved one
Positive emotions can still be experienced
Symptoms worst when thinking about the deceased person
People often want to be with others whereas people with depression tend to want to be alone

51
Q

What is prolonged grief disorder?

A

Marked distress and disability caused by the grief reaction

Persistence of this distress and disability more than 6m after a bereavement

Psychiatry (18 decks)

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