Affective disorders Flashcards
What are mood disorders?
Disorders of mental status and function where mood is a core feature
Most common mental disorder
Often associated with anxiety
Are mood disorders always primary problems?
No
What is the main classification system we use for mood disorders?
ICD-10
International classification of disease
WHO
What are some factors in an affective disorder being classed as abnormal?
Persistence of symptoms
Pervasiveness of symptoms
Degree of impairment
Presence of specific symptoms or signs
What are the 3 phases of symptoms of depressive illness?
Psychological
Physical
Social
What are some possible changes in thought content in depression?
Guilt Hopelessness Worthlessness Any neurotic symptoms like hypochondriasis or obsession Delusion Hallucination
How might mood change in depression?
Depression
Anxiety
Perplexity
Anhedonia
How might depression affect bodily function?
Fatigue Sleep Decreased appetite Libido Constipation Pain
How might depression affect psychomotor functioning?
Agitation
Retardation
How can depression affect the social sphere?
Loss of interests Loss of confidence Loss of concentration, registration and memory Indecisive Irritability Apathy Withdrawal
What is agitation?
A state of restless overactivity, aimless or ineffective
What is anhedonia?
Loss of ability to derive pleasure from experience
What is apathy?
Loss of interest in own surroundings
What is anxiety?
An unpleasant emotion in which thoughts of apprehension or fear predominate
Define depression.
An unpleasant emotion in which sadness or unhappiness predominates
Define retardation.
A slowing of motor responses including speech
What is stupor?
A state of extreme retardation in which consciousness is intact
The patient stops moving, speaking, eating and drinking
On recovery can describe clearly events which occurred whilst stuporose
What are some features of somatic syndrome depression?
Waking early Depression worse in morning Loss of appetite or libido Objective evidence of psychomotor agitation or retardation
How is depression classified as mild, moderate or severe?
At least 2 of:
- Abnormally depressed mood for most of day for 2 weeks
- Loss of interest/pleasure
- Decreased energy or or increased fatigability
And more from the folowing, to give a total of 4 (mild), 6 (moderate) or 8 (severe)
- Loss of confidence or self esteem
- Unreasonable/excessive guilt
- Recurrent suicidal thought/behaviour
- Decreased concentration
- Agitation or retardation
- Sleep disturbance of any sort
- Change in appetite
When is the most risk for post-natal depression?
30 days following birth
Risk up to 24 months
Is post-natal depression associated with hormone changes?
No
What is the differential diagnosis for depression?
Normal reaction to life event Seasonal Affective Disorder Dysthymia Cyclothymia Bipolar Stroke, tumour, dementia Hypothyroidism, Addison’s, Hyperparathyroidism Infections
What are some infections associated with differential diagnosis of depression?
Influenza
Infectious mononucleosis
Hepatitis
HIV/AIDS
What are some options for antidepressants?
SSRIs
TCAs
Monoamine
oxidase inhibitors
