Affective Disorders Flashcards
What is the definition of Hypomania in DCR-10?
The mood is elevated or irritable to a degree that is definitely abnormal for the individual concerned and sustained for at least 4 consecutive days.
In Mania, how long must the mood changes must be sustained for?
Mood changes must be prominent and sustained for at least 1 week.
How long should depressive episodes last for in order to be diagnosed as depression?
Depressive episodes should last for at least 2 weeks.
What are the characteristics/features of Borderline Personality Disorder? State 9.
- Labile moods/ Unstable and capricious moods.
- Involvement with intense, but unstable relationships
- Fear of abandonment or rejection
- Disturbances in and uncertainty about self-image and internal preferences (including sexual)
- Engaging in risky behaviour, such as substance or alcohol misuse
- Self-harm
- Feeling of emptiness or numbness
- Paranoia/ quasi-psychotic symptoms
- Past history of trauma or childhood abuse
What is the treatment choice for Borderline Personality Disorder?
Dialectical behaviour therapy
The mood must be elevated or irritable and sustained for how long before Hypomania can be considered? How about in Mania?
In hypomania, the mood is elevated or irritable to an abnormal degree for at least 4 consecutive days.
In Mania, the mood is predominantly elevated or irritable for at least a week.
What are the signs and symptoms of hypomania?
Hypomania:
1) Increased activity or physical restlessness
2) Increased talkativeness
3) Difficulty in concentration or distractibility
4) Decreased need for sleep
5) Increased sexual energy
6) mild overspending, or other types of reckless or irresponsible behaviour
7) Increased sociability or overfamiliarity
What are the signs and symptoms of Mania?
Mania:
1) Increased activity or physical restlessness
2) Increased talkativeness
3) Distractibility or constant changes in plans or activities
4) Decreased need for sleep
5) Risky behaviour whereby risks are not recognised: Spending sprees and reckless driving
6) Loss of normal social inhibitions, resulting in inappropriate behaviour
7) Marked sexual energy or sexual indiscretions
8) Flight of ideas or subjective experience of racing thoughts
9) Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
For patients to be diagnosed with panic disorder, the patient should at least experience how many attacks within how long?
Patients must experience at least 3 panic attacks within a 3 week period.
What are the characteristics of compulsive acts?
- The act is a purposeful one
- It is performed in accordance with a certain set of rules
- The act is designed to bring about another state of affairs, such as preventing a disaster.
In the ICD 10 criteria for depression, “at least 2 of the 3 symptoms must be present”, with additional symptoms.
What are the 3 symptoms?
- Depressed mood that is definitely abnormal for the individual, present for most of the day and almost every day, largely uninfluenced by circumstances, and sustained for at least 2 weeks.
- Loss of interest or pleasure in activities that are normally pleasurable
- Decreased energy or increased fatiguability
In the ICD 10 criteria for depression, “at least 2 of the 3 symptoms must be present”, with additional symptoms.
What are the additional symptoms?
How is mild, moderate, and severe depression determined?
- Loss of confidence or self-esteem
- Change in appetite (increase or decrease) with corresponding weight change
- Sleep disturbances of any type
- unreasonable feelings of self-reproach or excessive and unreasonable guilt
- Complaints or evidence of diminished ability to think or concentrate, such as indecisiveness or vacillation
6 recurrent thoughts of self harm, death, or suicide, or any suicidal behaviour
Mild - if in addition to the 3 symptoms, there is a total of 4.
Moderate - if there is a total of 6
Severe if there is a total of 8.
What are the 3 main classes of symptoms presented in anxiety?
- Apprehension: worrying about the future, feeling “on edge”, difficulty concentrating
- Motor tension: restless, fidgeting, tension headaches
- Autonomic overactivity: light-headedness, sweating, tachycardia or tachypnoea, dry mouth.
